Ediacaran Corumbella has a cataphract calcareous skeleton with controlled biomineralization

Osés, Gabriel Ladeira; Wood, Rachel; Romero, Guilherme Raffaeli; Prado, Gustavo; Bidola, Pidassa; Herzen, Julia; Pfeiffer, Franz; Stampar, Sérgio N.; Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105676

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the Tamengo Formation in the area of Corumbá and Ladário (Figs. 1 b, 2 a), Cloudina is found mainly associated with microbialites 57 , 58 and Corumbella 19 , 21 , 58 . In Paraguay (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, considering (i) the dominance of carbonate primary composition over phosphate and silica in marine fossil shells 10 , (ii) original calcareous composition of Ediacaran 21 , 75 and Cambrian 10 , 75 metazoan biomineralizers, (iii ) the phosphate adsorption power of carbonate shells 76 – 78 , (iv) the preferential precipitation of phosphate within inner shell microenvironments 79 ; and (v) local preservation of carbonate walls, we suggest that the initial composition of the studied microfossils was likely carbonate, later replaced by phosphate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This innovation was already well established in unicellular eukaryotes by the Tonian (~ 811–740 Ma) 12 , 13 and tentatively ascribed to sponges during the Cryogenian (~ 720–635 Ma) 14 – 18 . Well-established and widespread biomineralization in animals, mainly represented by the extinct Nama assemblage of Cloudina , Sinotubulites , Namacalathus, Corumbella and Namapoikia 19 – 21 , is currently recognized as having started in the latest Ediacaran, between 550 and 539 Ma 2 , 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dawn of diverse shelled and carbonaceous animal microfossils at ~ 571 Ma

Morais,

Freitas,

Fairchild

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition documents a critical stage in the diversification of animals. The global fossil record documents the appearance of cloudinomorphs and other shelled tubular organisms followed by non-biomineralized small carbonaceous fossils and by the highly diversified small shelly fossils between ~ 550 and 530 Ma. Here, we report diverse microfossils in thin sections and hand samples from the Ediacaran Bocaina Formation, Brazil, separated into five descriptive categories: elongate solid structures (ES); elongate filled structures (EF); two types of equidimensional structures (EQ 1 and 2) and elongate hollow structures with coiled ends (CE). These specimens, interpreted as diversified candidate metazoans, predate the latest Ediacaran biomineralized index macrofossils of the Cloudina-Corumbella-Namacalathus biozone in the overlying Tamengo Formation. Our new carbonate U–Pb ages for the Bocaina Formation, position this novel fossil record at 571 ± 9 Ma (weighted mean age). Thus, our data point to diversification of metazoans, including biomineralized specimens reminiscent of sections of cloudinids, protoconodonts, anabaritids, and hyolithids, in addition to organo-phosphatic surficial coverings of animals, demonstrably earlier than the record of the earliest known skeletonized metazoan fossils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dawn of diverse shelled and carbonaceous animal microfossils at ~ 571 Ma

Morais,

Freitas,

Fairchild

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…580-555 Ma Clemente Biota of the Clemente Formation, Sonora, México [5]. The presence of Proterozoic scleritomes was later confirmed by the reinterpretation of the Ediacaran Corumbella as having a cataphract aragonitic skeleton [6]. Osés et al [6] determined that the original skeletal composition was aragonitic due to elevated Sr content and patches of original aragonite mineralogy.…”

Section: Biomineralization Variations Of the Scleritomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of Proterozoic scleritomes was later confirmed by the reinterpretation of the Ediacaran Corumbella as having a cataphract aragonitic skeleton [6]. Osés et al [6] determined that the original skeletal composition was aragonitic due to elevated Sr content and patches of original aragonite mineralogy. Preliminary analysis of the Zirabagtaria ovata holotype shows a bilaterally symmetric, U-shaped pattern in the Fe content of the fossil surface (presumed here to reflect the original sclerite composition; Figure 1), suggesting that, as is the case for many modern mollusks, the scleritome consisted of both high-Fe and low-Fe content sclerites.…”

Section: Biomineralization Variations Of the Scleritomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Cambrian Explosion: macroevolution and biomineralization

McMenamin

2023

Academia Biology

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Recent advances in our understanding of the Cambrian evolutionary diversification event (Cambrian Explosion) show that although eumetazoan stem taxa were present in the late Proterozoic, a tremendous burst of macroevolutionary change occurred near the beginning of the Cambrian. Explanations relying on paleoecological feedback are insufficient to explain the macroevolutionary patterns observed, particularly those associated with the near-simultaneous appearance of new higher taxa. The diversity of biomineralization types among the small shelly fossils of the early Cambrian Period can be explained if putative ancestral scleritome bearers (found in both Proterozoic Eon and Cambrian Period strata) had, as some new data suggest, intact scleritomes that hosted individual sclerites of varying biomineral composition.

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