Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms <i>Russula</i> spp. of Côte d’Ivoire: Total Phenolic Content, HPLC-Profiles of Phenolic Compounds and Organic Acids, Antioxidant Activities

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compounds content, HPLC-profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids, and also antioxidant activities via the ability to scavenge DPPH radical of three wild edible mushrooms belonging to Russula genus and being collected in center of Côte d'Ivoire. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins contents of methanolic extracts were assessed by colorimetric assays. So, the obtained values of these chemical parameters ranged from 394.05 to 513.50 mg/100 g DW, 94.50 to 139.95 mg/100 g DW and from 124.20 to 165 ± 0.54 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Otherwise, HPLC-profiles of the methanolic extracts revealed that quercetin, salicylic acid and tannin ol were the main phenolic compounds in R. delica whereas R. lepida contained gallic acid, catechin and protocatechuic acid as main phenolic compounds. Besides, it showed that the phenolic compounds such as salicylic acid, tannin ol and catechin were observed in R. mustelina. As for HPLC-profiles of organic acid, the fumaric and malic acid were recorded as the main organic acids in the three species of wild edible mushrooms. However, citric acid content was found to be highest in R. lepida. The methanolic extracts of the three mushrooms exhibited high DPPH radical scavenging activities ranging from 74.92% to 58.92%. These wild edible mushrooms could be considered a potential supply source of adequate natural antioxidant for local population.

Expanding knowledge on Russula alatoreticula, a novel mushroom from tribal cuisine, with chemical and pharmaceutical relevance

“…Besides, p-coumaric acid was also detected, although it was present in trace (0.08 ± 0.01 lg/mg of extract). Our observation was found to be in accordance with R. delica, Russula lepida, Russula mustelina, Russula caerulea and Russula sardonia where cinnamic acid was also noticed as the common ingredient (Kouassi et al 2016;Alves et al 2013). On the other hand, pcoumaric acid has been identified in Agaricus arvensis, Agaricus silvicola, Lepista nuda, Boletus edulis, Tricholoma populinum, Armillaria tabescens, Psathyrella candolleana and Helvella leucopus (Barros et al 2009;Dundar et al 2015).…”

Antioxidant Extracts of Three Russula Genus Species Express Diverse Biological Activity

“…Their work shows the presence of pyrogallol as the most dominant compound manifested in the extract followed by cinnamic acid. In samples studied from Côte d’Ivoire, Kouassi et al [ 21 ] evaluated the methanolic extracts, revealing that quercetin, salicylic acid, and tanninol were the main phenolic compounds identified in R. delica, while R. lepida contained gallic acid, catechin, and protocatechuic acid as the main phenolic compounds; besides these species, they also identified salicylic acid, tanninol, and catechin in R. mustelina . The different composition found can be attributed to the different solvents used for the extraction (ethanol and methanol) as well the species and environmental conditions.…”

“…There are several reports discussing the antioxidant activity of R. integra [ 30 ], R. lepida [ 21 , 31 ], R. nigricans [ 30 , 31 ], R. delica [ 21 , 25 , 30 , 32 ], R. vinosa [ 30 ], R. brevipes [ 31 ], R. mustelina [ 21 ], and R. cyanoxantha [ 22 ] extracts although described by different assays, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydroxide) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing power (FRAP), and the β-carotene-linoleate model system. Additionally, Khatua et al [ 33 ] showed that the rusalan (polysaccharide isolated from R. alatoreticula basidiocarps) has good antioxidant activity.…”

“…Malic acid was detected in all the tested samples, while citric acid was not quantified in any (Table 1). Kouassi et al (2016) [21] investigated the profile of organic acids in R. delica, R. lepida, and R. mustelina from Côte d'Ivoire and found five different organic acids (oxalic, fumaric, citric, malic, succinic acid). In this study, fumaric acid (4241 ± 30 mg/kg dw, 4183 ± 20 mg/kg dw and 3477 ± 25 mg/kg dw) and malic acid (3207 ± 10, 833 ± 7 and 4230 ± 20 mg/kg dw) were the main found organic acids [21].…”

“…Kouassi et al (2016) [21] investigated the profile of organic acids in R. delica, R. lepida, and R. mustelina from Côte d'Ivoire and found five different organic acids (oxalic, fumaric, citric, malic, succinic acid). In this study, fumaric acid (4241 ± 30 mg/kg dw, 4183 ± 20 mg/kg dw and 3477 ± 25 mg/kg dw) and malic acid (3207 ± 10, 833 ± 7 and 4230 ± 20 mg/kg dw) were the main found organic acids [21]. In contrast to the previous study, the main organic acids found in the fruiting body of R. cyanoxantha originating from Portugal were fumaric and citric acid [22].…”