Edible Fish Species as Bioaccumulators and Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Durban Basin, South Africa

Abstract

Seafood consumption in the Durban basin faces a hidden threat: heavy metal (HM) contamination in fish. This chapter unveils the intricate interplay of dietary preferences and specific physiological traits that influence the distribution of HM in edible fish within the Durban basin. It elucidates the divergent capacities of fish gills, liver and muscles in accumulating different HMs, with certain species exceeding both South African and international regulatory limits. This revelation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive monitoring and effective management strategies. Furthermore, the chapter introduces the maasbanker or Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Carangiformes, Carangidae) and the slinger seabream Chrysoblephus puniceus (Spariformes, Sparidae) as promising bioindicators for moderate HM pollution, underlining the importance of species-specific considerations for accurate monitoring. Finally, avenues for future research are identified, including longitudinal studies on HM accumulation, comparative analyses of bioindicators and broader ecosystem health assessments.