Edible insects as minilivestock

DeFoliart, G. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00055976

Cited by 164 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The Mopane woodland is two stories of formations with the upper canopy between 6-18 m. The dominate species is the Colophospernum mopane [37,38] . Five caterpillar species dominate these woodlands: (a) Cerina forda, which is the most widely eaten caterpillar in Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa, (b) Gonibrasia belina, which are packaged and sold in Botswana and South Africa, (c) Bunaeopsis aurantiaca, the most important species exported from Southern Zaire, (d) Gynansis maia, which is very popular in Malawi and (e) mumpa which is the most important species of caterpillar in Zambia [25,37,[39][40][41] . The mopani worm (Imbrasia belina) is the most important insect in Southern Africa (Fig.…”

Section: State Of the Industry In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Insects as Human Food in Zambia

Ghaly¹

2009

OnLine J. of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement:The life cycle and culture structure of two commonly eaten worms in Zambia (Isoberlinia paniculata and Miombo/Mopani) were evaluated. The worms were grown on an artificial medium to evaluate the potential of producing them on a commercial scale. Approach: An interesting characteristic of the worms studied was that they reached their maximum weight and maximum length at the same time. Results: The larvae started to decrease in weight soon after reaching their maximum size suggesting that they should be harvested shortly before reaching their maximum length (36 days old). Only 10% mortality was observed with the older larvae of the Miombo/Mopani worm. A system where eggs are separated from adults and hatched in separate chambers would alleviate the danger of losing the population due to microbial infection. The high moisture content of the live larvae (60.5-60.9%) could cause handling and storage problems. Drying and grinding the larvae would reduce them to easily manageable forms and would improve their marketability as a novel food. The results obtained from this study showed the potential of using these insects as a protein source for human consumption. They had structured animal protein that contained the essential amino acids, lipids, vitamins, minerals and energy required for human growth and their nutrition contents are comparable to those of conventional foods. These worms are harvested from trees in Africa but the industry is facing droughts and overexploitation that has lead to local extinctions in several areas. Conclusion/Recommendations: Therefore, further research is required to evaluate their growth on low substrates and to assess the effects of environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, CO 2 and heat production on food consumption and protein yield and quality. This information will aid in the design of an optimal commercial insect production system. Appropriate processing and marketing procedures would also insure the sustainability of the industry.

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Section: State Of the Industry In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Insects as Human Food in Zambia

Ghaly¹

2009

OnLine J. of Biological Sciences

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“…The Northern Paiute (Ogden, 1950), Mono Lake Paiute (Muir, 1911), and Cahuilla (Bean, 1972) consumed ants as food. ' Ant pudding' , which consisted of a scoop of ants cooked in coffee were consumed by Paiute natives as late as 1955 (DeFoliart, 1994).…”

Section: Hymenopteramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, insects have been used as a food source in Northern America (Bodenheimer, 1951;DeFoliart, 1994). When European explorers began to travel the New World, the various lifestyles of North American natives were documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American entomophagy

Schrader

Oonincx

Ferreira

2016

JIFF

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Eating insects is not a common Northern American practice today. However, in the past a variety of insect species was consumed in Northern America (north of Mexico including Greenland). The aim of this literature review is to provide an historical overview of North American entomophagy based upon both peer and non-peer reviewed sources on this topic. Regional differences in insect consumption and reasons for being underreported are discussed. We show that North American natives, and in certain cases colonists, collected and consumed a large variety of edible insects. These are categorised per order and where available, information on how these species were collected and processed is provided. Lastly, we mention reasons for the renewed interest in edible insects in North America, and make suggestions for future studies.

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“…Much research on diseases in some of these insects has been performed because they are indeed also pest insects in plant crops, husbandry or in storages (L. migratoria, S. gregaria, G. mellonella T. molitor, M. domestica) and there is an interest to control them biologically using for example insect pathogens. Concerning B. mori and A. mellifera, they are primarily produced for other reasons than human food or animal feed, but both species are edible and have been used traditionally as human food in various parts of the world (Chen et al, 1998;Defoliart, 1994;Van Huis et al, 2013). Both species are now also considered in the modern and even unusual application of insects as human food (Tong et al, 2011;www.nordicfoodlab.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases in insects produced for food and feed

Eilenberg

Vlak

Nielsen-LeRoux

et al. 2015

JIFF

148

117

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Increased production of insects on a large scale for food and feed will likely lead to many novel challenges, including problems with diseases. We provide an overview of important groups of insect pathogens, which can cause disease in insects produced for food and feed. Main characteristics of each pathogen group (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes) are described and illustrated, with a selection of examples from the most commonly produced insect species for food and feed. Honeybee and silkworm are mostly produced for other reasons than as human food, yet we can still use them as examples to learn about emergence of new diseases in production insects. Results from a 2014 survey about insect diseases in current insect production systems are presented for the first time. Finally, we give some recommendations for the prevention and control of insect diseases.

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Edible insects as minilivestock

Cited by 164 publications

References 18 publications

The Use of Insects as Human Food in Zambia

The Use of Insects as Human Food in Zambia

North American entomophagy

Diseases in insects produced for food and feed

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