Editing of an Alpha-Kafirin Gene Family Increases, Digestibility and Protein Quality in Sorghum

Li, Aixia; Jia, Shangang; Yobi, Abou; Ge, Zhengxiang; Sato, Shirley; Zhang, Chi; Angelovici, Ruthie; Clemente, Thomas E.; Holding, David R.

doi:10.1104/pp.18.00200

Cited by 160 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Genome editing technologies might also help speed up molecular breeding and crop improvement for so-called orphan crops, plants that are critical to local food security but are less relevant on a global scale (e.g., sweet potato, chickpea, or sorghum) (Lemmon et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018a). The rationale behind these approaches is similar to that of the de novo domestication strategy: improving a resilient, locally adapted, and highly specialized crop might provide better results than attempting to restore stress tolerance in currently used elite varieties in which complex multigenic traits were lost over the domestication process (Khan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Genome Editing For Drought-resistant Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Resistance by Engineering Plant Tissue-Specific Responses

et al. 2020

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Drought is the primary cause of agricultural loss globally, and represents a major threat to food security. Currently, plant biotechnology stands as one of the most promising fields when it comes to developing crops that are able to produce high yields in water-limited conditions. From studies of Arabidopsis thaliana whole plants, the main response mechanisms to drought stress have been uncovered, and multiple drought resistance genes have already been engineered into crops. So far, most plants with enhanced drought resistance have displayed reduced crop yield, meaning that there is still a need to search for novel approaches that can uncouple drought resistance from plant growth. Our laboratory has recently shown that the receptors of brassinosteroid (BR) hormones use tissue-specific pathways to mediate different developmental responses during root growth. In Arabidopsis, we found that increasing BR receptors in the vascular plant tissues confers resistance to drought without penalizing growth, opening up an exceptional opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that confer drought resistance with cellular specificity in plants. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising phenotypical drought traits that could be improved biotechnologically to obtain drought-tolerant cereals. In addition, we discuss how current genome editing technologies could help to identify and manipulate novel genes that might grant resistance to drought stress. In the upcoming years, we expect that sustainable solutions for enhancing crop production in water-limited environments will be identified through joint efforts.

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Section: Genome Editing For Drought-resistant Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Resistance by Engineering Plant Tissue-Specific Responses

et al. 2020

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“…The α‐kafirins encoded by the k1C family make up most of the total kafirins. By using an sgRNA carrying mismatches targeting a conserved region in all k1C genes, variants were created with reduced kafirin levels and quality improvements . Similarly, the polyphenol oxidase ( PPO ) gene encodes an enzyme that causes browning in Agaricus bisporus .…”

Section: Crispr/cas9‐created Mutations In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9‐Based Genome Editing and its Applications for Functional Genomic Analyses in Plants

2019

Small Methods

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The ability to modify complex genomes precisely to create specific mutants is the holy grail of basic research and applied genetics in the postgenomic era. Programmable sequence‐specific nucleases (e.g., zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator‐like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated (Cas) systems (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9)), which induce targeted DNA breaks that are then repaired by endogenous repair machinery to generate mutants in a variety of organisms, are being developed at an unprecedented rate. Herein, this paper reviews the history, structure, and biological function of CRISPR/Cas systems, describing how it has been adapted for genome editing (especially CRISPR/Cas9, which has prompted a genome engineering revolution), and emphasizes recent applications and advances in the functional annotation of plant genomes and crop genetic improvement. In addition, the challenges of using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and strategies for improving its specificity are discussed. This review also introduces the creation of CRISPR‐edited DNA‐free plants, which may be more publicly acceptable than other genetically modified organisms. Finally, the future directions and applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are speculated on.

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“…Recently, using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool Li et al (2018) induced mutations in a conserved region encoding the endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide of α-kafirins.…”

Section: Editing Of Nucleotide Sequences Of Kafirin Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of sorghum grain quality using modern genetic tools

2019

Plant Genetic Resources for Breeding and Producing Functional Nutraceutical Food

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A review of the studies on the improvement of the nutritional value of sorghum grain by genetic engineering tools is presented. These studies include biofortification of sorghum with amino acids and micronutrients and improving digestibility of seed storage proteins (kafirins) via RNA interference and genome editing. Transgenic sorghum harboring the genetic constructs inducing RNA silencing of kafirins are characterized by an increased in vitro digestibility of endosperm proteins, an increased proportion of lysine, and modification of endosperm texture, which becomes floury devoid of the vitreous layer. In some cases transgenic events with vitreous endosperm and a high digestibility of kafirins were obtained, which may be of interest for practical sorghum breeding. There are evidences that genetic constructs for RNA silencing may be unstable in the plant genome and their expression may be influenced by the environment. Induction of mutations that disrupt the functioning of the kafirin genes using genome editing may be a more effective approach for improving the digestibility of kafirins and increasing the nutritional value of sorghum grain.

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Editing of an Alpha-Kafirin Gene Family Increases, Digestibility and Protein Quality in Sorghum

Abstract: 14Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (C.Z.) 16One-sentence summary: Single-consensus guide RNA partially reduces kafirin levels in sorghum 17 (Sorghum bicolor) grain, leading to an increased proportion of non-kafirins and improved digestibility 18 and protein quality.

Cited by 160 publications

References 62 publications

Drought Resistance by Engineering Plant Tissue-Specific Responses

Drought Resistance by Engineering Plant Tissue-Specific Responses

CRISPR/Cas9‐Based Genome Editing and its Applications for Functional Genomic Analyses in Plants

Improvement of sorghum grain quality using modern genetic tools

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