Editorial: Bartonella species: Important cause of culture-negative endocarditis

Endocarditis Caused by Zoonotic Pathogens and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Are Possible Differential Diagnoses

“…As the US guidelines suggest, negative results from repeated blood cultures raise the possibility of uncommon or rare pathogens, including - but not limited to - Bartonella species, Coxiella burnetii , and Brucella species ( 2 ). The first question we would like to address is whether the patient was exposed to animals, such as domestic cats, or dairy activity (even though such zoonoses are very rare in Japan) ( 3 , 4 )?…”