Editorial Comments

Abstract

The ability to deliver large volumes of intravenous (IV) fluids may be critical to the successful prehospital resuscitation of hypovolemic patients. We compared the time required to deliver one liter of crystalloid solution, using an administration setup consisting of a 16-guage (g), 1.25 inch, intravenous cannula, a pneumatic pressure bag, and either conventional intravenous tubing (3.2 mm internal diameter [ID]) or large bore (4.4 mm internal diameter [ID]) "shock" tubing. With the fluid bag positioned at 110cm (46 inches) above the level of the cannula, the mean elapsed time to deliver 1,000ml using the conventional tubing setup was 6.0 minutes, while the same volume could be delivered in only 2.7 minutes with the shock tubing configuration. This time was reduced to 1.8 minutes when the intravenous cannula size was increased to 14g. By attaching a liter of fluid to each arm of the "Y" adapter of the shock tubing, virtually uninterrupted fluid flow may be maintained at this rate. We feel this intravenous configuration could enhance greatly the ability of paramedics to provide fluid resuscitation in the field setting. When such TVs are established en route to a receiving hospital, this technique may prove to be an important adjunct to improving patient outcome from hypovolemic shock.

Microwave‐Enhanced Radiochemistry

“…13.1. One can immediately see that unlike most 14 C-labeling routes they consist of one step and frequently involve a catalyst, which can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. One should therefore be able to exploit the tremendous developments that have been made in catalysis in recent years to benefit tritiation procedures.…”

“…Since the pioneering work of Garnett and Long [14,15] much progress has been made in increasing the selectivity of one-step metal-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange reactions. RhCl 3 , and iridium(I) catalysts of the type [Ir(COD)(L) 2 ]PF 6 (COD: cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene) have been successfully used by, amongst others, Heys, Hesk, Lockley, Salter and their coworkers [16±19].…”

Rapid Protium–Deuterium Exchange of 4-Aminopyridines in Neutral D2O under Microwave Irradiation

“…1,10,11 As a synthetic tool, H/D-exchange experiments received intensive study in the 1960s and 1970s, 5,6 leading to a number of advances in pH-dependent and metal-catalyzed processes. 12 With the recent development of higher performance mass spectrometers, and a renaissance of interest in C-H bond activation, 13 a plethora of H/D-exchange methods has now emerged, some using C-H activation technology. 14 Whilst for some substrates, metal-mediated methods are required, 2 for others it is possible to use the autoprotolytic equilibrium of D 2 O in the absence of any catalyst.…”