Editorial: Conservation of Elephants

Abstract

The articles in this volume of the International Zoo Yearbook highlight the contributions that professional zoological institutions have made to the care and welfare of elephants over the last 20 years, and describe the threats faced by these iconic animals in their natural habitats. Zoos work to protect wild elephants using a variety of methods, such as carrying out direct research with ex situ populations, providing conservation education and conservation funding, and engaging in capacity building. Furthermore, important work is implemented by conservation organizations in the field. This volume focuses attention on elephant conservation and the important role played by zoological institutions and other dedicated conservation organizations. It is hoped that this work will inspire more zoos to act, help to inform future conservation initiatives and, ultimately, ensure the survival of these iconic species and the protection of their habitats. (Photo: Robin Winkelman, Saint Louis Zoo)

Of Elephants and Other Mammals: A Comparative Review of Reproductive Tumors and Potential Impact on Conservation

“…All species of elephants ( Elephas maximus , Loxodonta africana , and Loxodonta cyclotis ) are endangered due to poaching, habitat loss, disease susceptibility (including elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus and other infectious diseases), and additional threats related to climate change [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Ongoing in situ and ex situ conservation efforts aim to increase population size, maintain genetic diversity, and protect these animals that play a crucial role in our ecosystems [ 4 , 5 ]. These large-bodied land mammals are able to clear trees in forests, create water holes, and fertilize soil, which enables smaller species of animals and plants to thrive [ 6 ].…”

Longitudinal Improvements in Zoo-Housed Elephant Welfare: A Case Study at ZSL Whipsnade Zoo

“…In addition to this, as part of their zoo license, all UK zoos holding elephants are inspected by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) appointed inspectors, against Appendix 8 of the SSSMZP-An elephant specific legislative guidance document. Appendix 8 was updated in 2017 to align elephant management standards with current best practice for the species, with the aim to enhance elephant welfare [26]. On a European level, the European Association of Zoo and Aquaria (EAZA) elephant Taxon Advisory Group (TAG) manage the populations of African and Asian elephants to be genetically sustainable and consist of reproductively, behaviourally and physically competent individuals, which have the ability to fulfil multiple roles within a modern zoological collection [27].…”