“…Perhaps purchasing in s-commerce is among the best solutions able to dramatically raise Malaysia's economy's productivity, which has fallen well short of their counterparts from more developed economies. However, there are numerous pieces of evidence from earlier research demonstrating the various problems with s-commerce (Leong et al, 2020;Rahman et al, 2022;Khan, Khan, Ali & Islam, 2022;Hassan & Shahzad, 2022), including among Indonesian students. According to Hassan & Shahzad (2022), in this digital era, the emergence of s-commerce cannot be ignored and become a challenging issue in business.…”