Editorial for the Special Issue on “Nucleic Acid Architectures for Therapeutics, Diagnostics, Devices and Materials”

Halman, Justin R.; Afonin, Kirill A.

doi:10.3390/nano9070951

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…More importantly, NANPs technology is flexible and allows adding functionalities and swap individual nucleotides without altering the entire nanoparticle assembly [70]. As such, NANPs can be designed to form non-functional scaffolds, which are typically made of DNA, RNA or DNA-RNA hybrid oligonucleotides not-specific to any particular target gene, use these scaffolds to simultaneously deliver multiple different gene-specific therapeutic oligonucleotides (e.g., siRNAs or miRNAs) and create more sophisticated materials with conditionally activatable split functionalities [46,48,53,54,[65][66][67][68][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]. A co-delivery of individual non-functional scaffolds is required for applications involving NANPs with split functionalities and have been demonstrated in biological systems both in vitro and in vivo [53,73,74,77,82].…”

Section: General Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further optimization of stability, as well as targeted delivery to the cells or tissues of interest, can be achieved by complexing these materials with delivery carriers [90]. Cationic lipids, bolaamphiphiles, poly-and lipoplexes, and inorganic nanoparticles have been described in the literature, as most common carriers used for NANPs [72,73,80,[91][92][93][94], as seen in Figure 3. To study tissue distribution, NANPs are commonly labeled with fluorescent probes.…”

Section: Delivery and Distribution To And Within Tissues And Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NANPs' molecular weight and structure are different from those of the traditional TNA. While NANPs versatility and strategies for design of functional NANPs have been studied extensively [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]55,57,[65][66][67][68][70][71][72][73][74][76][77][78][79][80][81]83,86,91,92,[95][96][97][98]100,102,103,121,[129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141]…”

Section: Translational Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles at a Crossroads of Vaccines and Immunotherapies

Dobrovolskaia¹

2019

Molecules

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Vaccines and immunotherapies involve a variety of technologies and act through different mechanisms to achieve a common goal, which is to optimize the immune response against an antigen. The antigen could be a molecule expressed on a pathogen (e.g., a disease-causing bacterium, a virus or another microorganism), abnormal or damaged host cells (e.g., cancer cells), environmental agent (e.g., nicotine from a tobacco smoke), or an allergen (e.g., pollen or food protein). Immunogenic vaccines and therapies optimize the immune response to improve the eradication of the pathogen or damaged cells. In contrast, tolerogenic vaccines and therapies retrain or blunt the immune response to antigens, which are recognized by the immune system as harmful to the host. To optimize the immune response to either improve the immunogenicity or induce tolerance, researchers employ different routes of administration, antigen-delivery systems, and adjuvants. Nanocarriers and adjuvants are of particular interest to the fields of vaccines and immunotherapy as they allow for targeted delivery of the antigens and direct the immune response against these antigens in desirable direction (i.e., to either enhance immunogenicity or induce tolerance). Recently, nanoparticles gained particular attention as antigen carriers and adjuvants. This review focuses on a particular subclass of nanoparticles, which are made of nucleic acids, so-called nucleic acid nanoparticles or NANPs. Immunological properties of these novel materials and considerations for their clinical translation are discussed.

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