Editorial: Primum non nocere – are adverse events accurately reported in studies on psychological interventions for children?

Abstract

Adverse Events (AEs) are defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign or symptom, that may occur during or after receipt of any intervention. The principle of non‐maleficence requires careful consideration to ensure that existing or new psychological interventions are not harmful before they can be considered beneficial. In this context, the safety of psychological interventions, including the possible occurrence of AEs, is increasingly important for patients, families, and clinicians. The evaluation of AEs is crucial to obtain a complete understanding of the risk/benefit balance of psychological interventions. There is a need for researchers and clinicians to assess and report AEs comprehensively and in a coordinated manner. It is necessary to have more accurate data on the recording of AEs in protocols to enhance transparency and consistency, as well as to improve practice. Finally, and to facilitate this process, there is a need for standards for data collection.

Religion would be a missing link in the case formulation of adolescents with conduct problems: an eclectic approach

“… The transformation of a stimuli into a behavioral output: Mind-brain axis (modified from the references 3 – 8 ). …”

“…That is, possible biological, psychological and social factors underlying that disorder, the weaknesses/strengths of these factors, and the individual’s personality characteristics and cognitive structure are determined and the points to intervene are defined ( 7 ). The aim of medical intervention is to, first, do no harm (primum non nocere) ( 8 ), avoid stigmatization ( 10 ) and prevent the development of some mental disorders ( 11 ).…”