“…Incomplete and poor models may be improved by a procedure which restrains the calculated structure factors (Bhat & Blow, 1983). A reasonably complete and accurate model may be improved by constrained- (Sussman, Holbrook, Church, & Kim, 1977), restrained- (Hendrickson & Konnert, 1980;Jack & Levitt, 1978;Morffew & Moss, 1982), or freeatom structure-factor least squares (Agarwal, 1978). These automated refinement procedures are successful in moving the model in the direction of the gradient of the function being minimized.…”