Editorial: LiDAR – rapid developments in remote sensing of geological features

Ojala, Antti E. K.; Sarala, Pertti

doi:10.17741/bgsf/89.2.ed

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1) and distinct glacial landforms such as flutings, typically visible in digital elevation models (e.g. Ojala and Sarala, 2017), indicate that the glacier moved in approximately N-S directions during the latest glacial periods. Besides the smooth-abrasion-related glacial erosion (see above), the fracture systems within the bedrock contributed towards glacial quarrying, which was particularly intense within individual larger faults (Skyttä et al, 2023).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Ovaskainen¹,

Skyttä²,

Nordbäck³

et al. 2023

Solid Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Using multiple scales of observation in studying the fractures of the bedrock increases the reliability and representativeness of the respective studies. This is because the discontinuities, i.e. the fractures, in the bedrock lack any characteristic length and instead occur within a large range of scales of approximately 10 orders of magnitude. Consequently, fracture models need to be constructed based on representative multi-scale datasets. In this paper, we combine a detailed bedrock fracture study from an extensive bedrock outcrop area with lineament interpretation using light detection and ranging (lidar) and geophysical data. Our study offers lineament data in an intermediary length range (100–500 m) missing from discrete fracture network modelling conducted at Olkiluoto, a nuclear spent-fuel facility in Finland. Our analysis provides insights into multi-scale length distributions of lineaments and fractures and into the effect of glaciations on lineament and fracture data. A common power-law model was fit to the lineament and fracture lengths with an exponent of −1.13. However, the fractures and lineaments might follow distinct power laws or other statistical distributions rather than a common one. When categorising data by orientation, we can highlight differences in length distributions possibly related to glaciations. Our analysis further includes the topological, scale-independent fracture network characteristics. For example, we noticed a trend of decreasing apparent connectivity of fracture networks as the scale of observation increases.

show abstract

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Ovaskainen¹,

Skyttä²,

Nordbäck³

et al. 2023

Solid Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The bedform approach, which argues that drumlins and ribbed moraine belong to a transitional size and shape continuum formed at the ice-bed interface, stems from early papers by Lundqvist (1969Lundqvist ( , 1970 and Aario (1977), suggesting such a relation. There has been an explosive revival of morphometric studies during the last decades, fuelled in part by the Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) revolution (e.g., Johnson et al 2015;Ojala & Sarala 2017). The measuring of length, width and height relations together with other morphological parameters such as wavelengths in ribbed moraine tracts (Dunlop et al 2008;Chapwanaya et al 2011), and carried out on large data-sets, has increasingly stressed the size and shape continuum of drumlins and ribbed moraine (e.g., Rose & Letzer 1977;Everest et al 2005;Clark et al 2009;Clark 2010;Spagnolo et al 2014;Ely et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equifinality in glacial geomorphology: instability theory examinedviaribbed moraine and drumlins in Sweden

Möller

Dowling

2018

GFF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A contemporary trend in glacial geomorphology is the quest for a unifying theory of drumlin and ribbed moraine formation. Three Swedish example areas of each are here newly mapped, using high-resolution Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) data. From previous ribbed moraine studies in these areas, we know that they formed differently, one by melt-out of stagnant debris-zonated ice, another by remoulding of preexisting landforms and the third by active subglacial stacking and folding of sediment into proto ridges, contemporaneously with lee-side cavity sediment infill. Through previous work on streamlined terrain in Sweden we know that rock-cored drumlins dominate, while soft-cored drumlins are much less common. The morphology of both types varies along a continuum, whereas their processes of formation differ. Our field examples from ribbed moraine tracts and streamlined terrain suggest that the subglacial environment contains a suite of different ice-sediment physics that, irrespective of this, leads to an equifinality of shape of some subglacial landforms (ribbed moraine and streamlined terrain) despite the differences in the detail of their process of formation. We thus argue that different processes, on their own or in combination, lead to a similar form of morphometric expression, that is, equifinality, and the quest for a unifying process of formation is a misleading one. Furthermore, we argue that large morphological data-sets of subglacial landforms can only be used to classify features as part of a formation continuum -or not -when they are used in conjunction with the sedimentology of said landforms.

show abstract

“…Glacial striations (Figure 1) and distinct glacial landforms such as flutings, typically visible in digital elevation models (E.g., Ojala and Sarala, 2017), indicate that the glacier moved in approximately N-S directions during the latest glacial periods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Ovaskainen

Skyttä²,

Nordbäck³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Using multiple scales of observation in studying the fractures of the bedrock increases the reliability and representativeness of the respective studies. This is because the discontinuities, i.e., the fractures, in the bedrock lack any characteristic length and instead occur within a large range of scales of approximately 10 orders of magnitude. Consequently, fracture models need to be constructed based on representative multi-scale datasets to enable valid interpolation and extrapolation of common scaling laws to all fracture sizes. In this paper, we combine a detailed bedrock fracture study from an extensive bedrock outcrop area with lineament interpretation using Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and geophysical data. Our study offers lineament data in an intermediary length range missing from Discrete Fracture Network -modelling conducted at Olkiluoto, a nuclear spent fuel facility in Finland. In addition, this study also provides a robust multi-scale fracture and lineament dataset which has been thoroughly analysed for the purposes of understanding the uncertainties and differences in the different datasets. Our analysis further covers the topological, scale-independent, fracture network characteristics. Results of our study include the discovery of three distinct azimuth sets, N-S, NE-SW and WNW-ESE, both single scale and multi-scale power-law models for fracture and lineaments and further insight into a trend of decreasing apparent connectivity of fracture networks as the scale of observation increases. Specifically, a multi-scale power-law exponent of -1.13 is fitted to fracture and lineament lengths although we found that individually the fractures and lineaments might follow distinct power-laws rather than a common one.

show abstract

Editorial: LiDAR – rapid developments in remote sensing of geological features

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Equifinality in glacial geomorphology: instability theory examinedviaribbed moraine and drumlins in Sweden

Detailed investigation of multi-scale fracture networks in glacially abraded crystalline bedrock at Åland Islands, Finland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About