Editorial: the 2019/20 Black Summer bushfires

Davey, S. M.; Sarre, Alastair

doi:10.1080/00049158.2020.1769899

Cited by 89 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The unusual warming of the Antarctic stratosphere in September 2019 (Sect. 2.3 ) may have exacerbated the extremely dry conditions observed during the summer of 2019/20 in the Southern Hemisphere [ 23 , 40 – 44 ], leading to devastating wildfires in Australia [ 45 ]. Specifically, the stratospheric warming event influenced the troposphere from mid-October 2019 by forcing the SAM from a positive phase to a negative phase, which enhanced anomalously hot and dry conditions in eastern Australia [ 44 ].…”

Section: Stratospheric Ozone Uv Radiation and Climate Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During late 2019 and early 2020, a series of unprecedented climate extremes occurred in the Southern Hemisphere, which included strong Antarctic stratospheric warming [ 40 , 41 ], an unusually small ozone hole [ 150 , 151 ], severe bushfires in Australia [ 45 ], and heatwave conditions in Antarctica [ 43 ]. These conditions were associated with a strong negative state of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which has been linked with anomalous tropical convection [ 41 ].…”

Section: Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Neale

Barnes

Robson

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

131

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This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

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Section: Stratospheric Ozone Uv Radiation and Climate Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Neale

Barnes

Robson

et al. 2021

Photochem Photobiol Sci

131

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“…A series of unprecedented climate extremes occurred in the southern hemisphere during late 2019 and early 2020, which were enhanced by stratospheric influences (Lim et al 2020). The extremes included widespread heatwaves and severe bushfires in Australia (Davey and Sarre 2020) and South America (Blunden and Arndt 2020) and record high temperatures in Antarctica (Robinson et al 2020). Associated with these conditions was a generally strong negative phase of the SAM and the most strongly positive IOD since 1997 (Blunden and Arndt 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

Klekociuk

Tully

Krummel

et al. 2021

J. South. Hemisph. Earth Syst. Sci.

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While the Montreal Protocol is reducing stratospheric ozone loss, recent increases in some ozone depleting substance (ODS) emissions have been identified that may impact southern hemisphere climate systems. In this study, we discuss characteristics of the 2018 and 2019 Antarctic ozone holes using surface in situ, satellite and reanalysis data to gain a better understanding of recent ozone variability. These ozone holes had strongly contrasting characteristics. In 2018, the Antarctic stratospheric vortex was relatively stable and cold in comparison to most years of the prior decade. This resulted in a large and persistent ozone hole that ranked in the upper-tercile of metrics quantifying Antarctic ozone depletion. In contrast, strong stratospheric warming in the spring of 2019 curtailed the development of the ozone hole, causing it to be anomalously small and of similar size to ozone holes in the 1980s. As known from previous studies, the ability of planetary waves to propagate into the stratosphere at high latitudes is an important factor that influences temperatures of the polar vortex and the overall amount of ozone loss in any particular year. Disturbance and warming of the vortex by strong planetary wave activity were the dominant factors in the small 2019 ozone hole. In contrast, planetary wave disturbances to the vortex in the winter-spring of 2018 were much weaker than in 2019. These results increase our understanding of the impact of Montreal Protocol controls on ODS and the effects of Antarctic ozone on the southern hemisphere climate system.

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“…Figure 3 shows the monthly vegetation cover loss from November to December 2019 due to wildfires (vegetation cover in November subtracted from December 2019) and from December 2019 to January 2020 over Australia and over NSW. The summer 2019/2020 wildfire is unprecedented in scale as the fire occurred in several states and the burn area in NSW alone was 5.68 million ha while Victoria was 1.58 million ha [1]. Thirty-three people lost their lives due to this black summer 2019/2020 wildfires [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Summer 2019-2020 Wildfires in East Coast Australia and Their Impacts on Air Quality and Health in New South Wales, Australia

H.¹,

Azzi²,

White³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The 2019-2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series of major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end of January 2020 across the states of Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and South Australia. The wildfires were unprecedent in scope and the extensive extend of the wildfires has caused smoke pollutants transported not only to New Zealand but across the Pacific Ocean to South America. At the height of the wildfires, smoke plumes were injected into the stratosphere at height up to 25km and hence transported across the globe. Based on meteorological and air quality simulation using WRF-Chem model, air quality monitoring data collected during the bushfire period and remote sensing data from MODIS and CALIPSO satellites, the extend of the wildfires and the pollutant transport, and their impacts on air quality and health on exposed population in NSW can be analysed. The results showed that WRF-Chem model using Fire Emission Inventory from NCAR (FINN) predicts the dispersion and transport of pollutants and the predicted concentration of PM2.5 and other pollutants from wildfires reasonably well when compared with ground-based and satellite data. The impact on health endpoints such as mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases hospitalisation across the modelling domain is then estimated. The estimated health impact is comparable with previous study based only on observation data, but the results in this study provide much more detailed spatially and temporally with regards to the health impact from the 2019-2020 wildfire.

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Editorial: the 2019/20 Black Summer bushfires

Cited by 89 publications

References 3 publications

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2018 and 2019

The Summer 2019-2020 Wildfires in East Coast Australia and Their Impacts on Air Quality and Health in New South Wales, Australia

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