Editorial: the airborne microbiome - implications for aerosol transmission and infection control – special issue

Tang, Julian W.; Li, Yuguo

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4399-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Respiratory diseases are often simply assumed to be transmitted via “close contact”; however, the complex transmission mechanisms often involve with more than one transmission route including direct or indirect contact, large droplet, and airborne routes ( Lemieux et al, 2007 ; Bridges et al, 2003 ; Roy and Milton, 2004 ; Tang et al, 2006 ; Tang and Li, 2019 ). There are also many physical (respiratory particles and droplets generation), virological (viral loading, survival, location of virus receptor, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate

Gao

Wei

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The exact transmission route of many respiratory infectious diseases remains a subject for debate to date. The relative contribution ratio of each transmission route is largely undetermined, which is affected by environmental conditions, human behaviour, the host and the microorganism. In this study, a detailed mathematical model is developed to investigate the relative contributions of different transmission routes to a multi-route transmitted respiratory infection. The following transmission routes are considered: long-range airborne transmission, short-range airborne transmission, direction inhalation of medium droplets or droplet nuclei, direct deposition of droplets of all sizes, direct and indirect contact route. It is illustrated that all transmission routes can dominate the total transmission risk under different scenarios. Influential parameters considered include the dose-response rate of different routes, droplet governing size that determines pathogen content in droplets, exposure distance, and pathogen dose transported to the hand of infector. Our multi-route transmission model provided a comprehensive but straightforward method to evaluate the probability of respiratory diseases transmission via different routes. It also established a basis for predicting the impact of individual-level intervention methods such as increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective masks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate

Gao

Wei

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Measures to prevent and control NIs include engineering control strategies to reduce the risk of airborne infections. Although indoor air can spread pathogens, studies have shown that filtering or disinfecting air reduces the risk of viral infections that are transmitted through the air (Tang and Li 2019). A previous study simulated airflow trajectories and virus concentrations to assess airborne probability or risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus cases (Ai et al 2019).…”

Section: Nimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an innovative pediatric isolation (PI) bed using fluid dynamics simulation and aerosol isolation efficacy

et al. 2021

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Airborne transmission is an important mechanism of spread for both viruses and bacteria in hospitals, with nosocomial infections putting a great burden on public health. In this study, we designed and manufactured a bed for pediatric clinic consultation rooms providing air isolation to protect patients and medical personnel from pathogen transmission. The pediatric isolation bed has several primary efficiency filters and a high-efficiency particulate air filter in the bedside unit. The air circulation between inlet and outlet forms negative pressure to remove the patient’s exhaled air timeously and effectively. A computational fluid dynamics model was used to calculate the speed of the airflow and the angle of sampler. Following this, we conducted purification experiments using cigarette smoke, Staphylococcus albus (S. albus) and human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5) to demonstrate the isolation efficacy. The results showed that the patient’s head should be placed as close to the air inlet hood as possible, and an air intake wind speed of 0.86 m/s was effective. The isolation efficacy of the pediatric isolation bed was demonstrated by computational fluid dynamics technology. The isolation efficiency against cigarette smoke exceeded 91.8%, and against S. albus was greater than 99.8%, while the isolation efficiency against HAdV-5 was 100%. The pediatric isolation bed could be used where isolation wards are unavailable, such as in intensive care units and primary clinical settings, to control hospital acquired infections.

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“…8 Droplets emitted by an infected human containing bacteria/ viruses are considered as primary routes of transmitting respiratory disease 9 to susceptible individuals via four major modes, namely direct contact, indirect contact (fomites), large droplets, or fine aerosols. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Emitted droplets based on their initial diameters were dichotomized by Wells. 17,18 Smaller droplets (< 100 μm) will travel a certain distance while evaporating in air, and the bigger ones will settle down quickly within a few seconds of emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation of bacteria-laden surrogate respiratory fluid droplets: On a hydrophilic substrate versus contact-free environment confers differential bacterial infectivity

Agharkar,

Hajra,

Roy

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The transmission of viruses/ bacteria cause infection predominantly via aerosols. The transmission mechanism of respiratory diseases is complex, including direct or indirect contact, large droplet, and airborne routes apart from close contact transmission. With this pretext, we have investigated two modes of droplet evaporation to understand its significance in airborne disease transmission; a droplet in a contact-free environment, which evaporates and forms droplet nuclei, and a droplet on a hydrophilic substrate (fomite). The study examines mass transport, the deposition pattern of bacteria in the precipitates, and their survival and virulence. The osmotic pressure increases with the salt concentration, inactivating the bacteria embedded in the precipitates with accelerated evaporation. Further, the bacteria's degree of survival and enhanced pathogenicity are compared for both evaporation modes. The striking differences in pathogenicity are attributed to the evaporation rate, oxygen availability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

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Editorial: the airborne microbiome - implications for aerosol transmission and infection control – special issue

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate

Multi-route respiratory infection: When a transmission route may dominate

Evaluation of an innovative pediatric isolation (PI) bed using fluid dynamics simulation and aerosol isolation efficacy

Evaporation of bacteria-laden surrogate respiratory fluid droplets: On a hydrophilic substrate versus contact-free environment confers differential bacterial infectivity

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