Editorial The effects of statins on blood pressure: current knowledge and future perspectives

Rizzo, Manfredi; Montalto, Giuseppe; Banach, Maciej

doi:10.5114/aoms.2012.27270

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The year 2015 was an important year for lipid research. The researchers were still focused on best strategies for dyslipidemia management, by using various combinations of statins with other lipid-lowering drugs or testing new therapies [ 1 ]. First, the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) revalidated the concept that low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are a relevant treatment goal [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Background: Lipids Update 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015

et al. 2015

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The most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2015 were reviewed. In lipid research, the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) trial revalidated the concept “lower is better” for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as a target for therapy, increasing the necessity of treatment the high-risk patients to achieve LDL-C goals. After these results, ezetimibe might become the preferred additional drug in the combination therapy of lipid disorders because of oral dosage form and lower acquisition cost. However, for the statin-intolerant patients and those patients requiring essential reductions in LDL-C to achieve their goals, new therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors remain promising drugs. In blood pressure research, American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2015 guidelines recommended a target for blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg in stable or unstable coronary artery disease patients and below 150/90 mmHg in patients older than 80 years of age, however the recent results of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial have suggested that there might be significant benefits, taking into account cardiovascular risk, for hypertensive patients over 50 without diabetes and blood pressure levels <120/80. In kidney research, reducing the progression of chronic kidney disease and related complications such as anemia, metabolic acidosis, bone and mineral diseases, acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease is still a goal for clinicians.

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Section: Background: Lipids Update 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015

et al. 2015

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“…In human studies, higher PON1 activity is associated with a lower incidence of major cardiovascular events [114]. However, it remains uncertain whether this relationship is causal or correlational.…”

Section: Biologic Functions Of the Hdlmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction

Eren¹

2012

TOBIOCJ

140

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Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels do not predict functionality and composition of high-density lipoprotein(HDL). Traditionally, keeping levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) down and HDL-C up have been the goal of patients to prevent atherosclerosis that can lead to coronary vascular disease(CVD). People think about the HDL present in their cholesterol test, but not about its functional capability. Up to 65% of cardiovascular death cannot be prevented by putative LDL-C lowering agents. It well explains the strong interest in HDL increasing strategies. However, recent studies have questioned the good in using drugs to increase level of HDL. While raising HDL is a theoretically attractive target, the optimal approach remains uncertain. The attention has turned to the quality, rather than the quantity, of HDL-C. An alternative to elevations in HDL involves strategies to enhance HDL functionality. The situation poses an opportunity for clinical chemists to take the lead in the development and validation of such biomarkers. The best known function of HDL is the capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and deliver cholesterol to the liver for excretion, thereby playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from CVD.This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding assays of HDL functions and their relationship to CVD. HDL as a therapeutic target is the new frontier with huge potential for positive public health implications.

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“…Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, called statins, are well-known lipid-lowering drugs. Statins not only reduce lipid levels, but they also have important pleiotropic effects, improving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, affecting the lipid metabolism enzyme activities, and so forth [ 12 – 14 ]. Three main reasons have been suggested for initiating statin therapy for patients with PAD of the lower limbs [ 15 ]: (1) prevention of coronary heart disease; (2) treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease; and (3) perioperative treatment of patients with peripheral arterial disease [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Surgical Treatment on Lipid Peroxidation Parameters and Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

et al. 2013

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The various risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are almost identical to those for atherosclerosis and include abnormal levels of lipids or lipoproteins. Lipid peroxidation parameters and total antioxidant capacity in the serum of male patients with PAD before surgery as well as 3–5 days and 7–10 days after surgery were measured. We also compared these parameters with those in a group of patients receiving simvastatin therapy. Concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) and malondialdehyde, the total antioxidant capacity (assessed by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay), concentration of thiol (-SH) groups, and ceruloplasmin activity were determined spectrophotometrically in PAD patients treated surgically (Group I) or pharmacologically (Group II). The patients before surgical treatment had significantly higher concentrations of malondialdehyde but lower ceruloplasmin activity than those observed in Group II, treated with simvastatin. No significant differences before surgery in ferric reducing antioxidant power or thiol concentrations were found between the two groups. However, in Group I, both ferric reducing antioxidant power and thiol group concentrations decreased 3–5 days postoperatively, and ceruloplasmin activity increased 7–10 days after surgical treatment. The presented results demonstrate diverse oxidative stress responses to surgical treatment and confirm the beneficial effects of statin therapy in PAD.

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Editorial The effects of statins on blood pressure: current knowledge and future perspectives

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015

Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015

High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction

Effect of Surgical Treatment on Lipid Peroxidation Parameters and Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

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