Educating the Public on Hemorrhage Control: Methods and Challenges of a Public Health Initiative

Humar, P.; Goolsby, Craig; Forsythe, Raquel M.; Reynolds, Benjamin R.; Murray, Kenya; Bertoty, David A.; Peitzman, Andrew B.; Neal, Matthew D.

doi:10.1007/s40137-020-00252-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The majority of participants felt confident in their improved ability to control life-threatening hemorrhage both in and out of the hospital based on the “Until Help Arrives” Post-Course Survey [supplement attached].It has been shown that similar training methods are effective in teaching such life-saving skills, and may improve chances of survival for many patients that would not otherwise have immediate access to emergency care. 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that similar training methods are effective in teaching such life-saving skills, and may improve chances of survival for many patients that would not otherwise have immediate access to emergency care. 6 Limitations of the study: It must be recognized that our method for assessing the effectiveness of this course was semi-quantitative and has not yet been shown to improve real-world outcomes. Further, the number of medically trained assessors was limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings

Malik

Chhapra²

2021

Pak J Med Sci

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We have created a bleeding leg simulator using inexpensive and readily available materials to teach civilians in resource-poor settings how to control exsanguinating hemorrhage until the patient can be brought to the hospital, as commercially available mannequins are often too expensive in these settings. Items used include a leg of lamb, IV tubing, IV fluids, and food coloring.The model was consistently rated as ‘‘nearly – real’’ to ‘‘life like’’ by ten physicians and surgeons, cost less than fifty dollars to make, and provided a fairly realistic model for teaching hemorrhage control. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3517 How to cite this:Malik OAA, Chhapra R. An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3517 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings

Malik

Chhapra²

2021

Pak J Med Sci

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Can “Stop The Bleed” training courses for laypersons improve hemorrhage control knowledge, skills, and attitudes? A systematic review

Consunji,

Mekkodathil,

Abdelrahman

et al. 2024

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Background In many regions of the world, most trauma deaths occur within 1–2 h of injury due to uncontrolled bleeding. For this reason, training lay first-person responders in trauma care, focusing on hemorrhage control, has been recommended. We hypothesized that STOP THE BLEED (STB) training courses that teach laypersons how to stop traumatic compressible bleeding immediately are needed to potentially prevent deaths due to hemorrhage. This systematic review will analyze the effect of the STB training course on the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of lay first-person responders for hemorrhage control. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed research articles describing evaluations of STB courses for laypersons from December 1 2013 to October 31 2022. In addition, a hand search of article references was undertaken. Studies were included if they implemented the STB course; trainees were laypersons, and the study had some outcome measures such as knowledge, skill, confidence gained, and willingness to provide or utilization of care provided to and outcomes of trauma patients. Results The database searches yielded 2,893 unique papers. We retained 33 articles for full-text review, resulting in 24 eligible papers. Gray literature and manual searches yielded 11 additional publications for a total of 35 studies. The most reported finding was a statistically significant increase in hemorrhage control knowledge or tourniquet application skills in 26 studies. Twenty-two studies reported statistically significant improvements in willingness, confidence, comfort, and likelihood to respond to a bleeding patient, and 6 studies reported substantial reductions in the retention of bleeding control knowledge or skills. Only one study reported on the effect on patient outcomes. Conclusion STB courses for laypersons have demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, skill, confidence, and willingness to intervene to stop traumatic exsanguination. The evaluation of clinically relevant patient outcomes, specifically their effect on preventable deaths from traumatic exsanguination, is needed to strengthen further the evidence behind the recommendations for more widespread teaching of “STB” courses.

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