Education and economic growth in Pakistan: A cointegration and causality analysis

Afzal, Muhammad Khalil; Rehman, Hafeez ur; Farooq, Muhammad; Sarwar, Kafeel

doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2011.10.004

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The main insights of the most important recent studies have been revealed below. Afzal et al (2011) explored the causality of education and economic growth in Pakistan by using time series data on real GDP, labour force, physical capital and education from 1970-1971 to 2008-2009. Cointegration among economic growth and education has been detected.…”

Section: Empirical Evidence and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Eurostat, 2016b). This research has been based on the methodologies provided in the recent studies of Afzal et al, (2011), Zivengwa et al (2013), Solaki (2013), Mehrara and Musai (2013), Arif et al (2015), Khan et al (2015), Mariana (2015) and others. The investigation has been organized as follows: Stage 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Education as components of human capital improves the socio-economic indicators. The importance of the relationship between education and economic performance has been acknowledged by the endogenous growth theory since 1980s and early 1990s (Afzal et al, 2011). Productivity can be increased by investing more in education (Lucas, 1988;Romer, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Productivity can be increased by investing more in education (Lucas, 1988;Romer, 1990). In the last century the focus of researchers remained on the impact of human capital on economic development by increasing the facilities of education (Afzal et al, 2011). Generally, education and economic development are likely to be interlinked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Education and Economic Development in the Selected European Union Countries

Dudzevičiūtė¹,

Šimelytė²

2018

EJSD

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Abstract.This paper has aimed to investigate the education -economic development nexus in the selected European Union (EU) countries during the period of 1997 -2016. Descriptive statistics analysis and econometric techniques have been applied for this purpose. Research results have revealed statistically significant interrelationships between education and economic growth in majority of the selected countries. However, only Belgium, France, Ireland and United Kingdom have demonstrated causal relationships between the variables under consideration. In these countries the unidirectional causality running from education to economic development has shown that increase in the share of population having tertiary education promotes economic performance. In the remaining countries neither increasing share of tertiary education effects on economic development nor growing real GDP promotes tertiary education of the population. The insights of the research could be useful in achieving the goals for Europe 2020, where tertiary education is highlighted as one of the five measurable targets.

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Section: Empirical Evidence and Research Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Education and Economic Development in the Selected European Union Countries

Dudzevičiūtė¹,

Šimelytė²

2018

EJSD

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show abstract

“…The evidence demonstrates that a well-educated labour force appears to influence economic growth in Jordan. Afzal et al 2011 Feedback causality exists between education and all levels of education with economic growth in Pakistan. Among all levels of education, general higher education results in higher and significant economic growth.…”

Section: Curs Et Al 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%