Education and Training for Low-Income Women: An Elusive Goal

Bok, Marcia

doi:10.1177/0886109903261015

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Effective education and training, which are fundamental solutions to unemployment and poverty, are never addressed. This echoes the finding of Western studies that lone parents who are looking for higher-level jobs and special training are poorly served by welfare-to-work programmes (Millar, 2005; McPhee and Bronstein, 2003; Bok, 2004). Lone mothers also have specific needs in learning to cope with divorce and lone parenting.…”

Section: Defining Worksupporting

confidence: 53%

Gendering Welfare: Lone Mothers’ Experiences of Welfare-to-Work Programmes in Hong Kong

Hung¹,

Fung

2011

Social Policy & Society

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Consideration of welfare regimes in Hong Kong has generally neglected gender and care work issues, focusing instead on welfare ideologies relating to production and the market orientation of social policies. In addition, traditional Chinese values place a high priority on motherhood. Drawing on qualitative interviews with lone mothers and social workers, this article considers welfare reform in Hong Kong from the late 1990s and the shift to welfare to work, examining these from the perspectives of gender. It suggests that as a result of the reforms there is a danger that lone mothers become double failures, as carers and workers.

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Section: Defining Worksupporting

confidence: 53%

Gendering Welfare: Lone Mothers’ Experiences of Welfare-to-Work Programmes in Hong Kong

Hung¹,

Fung

2011

Social Policy & Society

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“…Social Enterprise Approach to Workforce Development 89 from welfare programs that combine income support with skills training and public employment opportunities to labor force attachment models in which the poor are encouraged to work in any job available (Bok, 2004;Lafer, 2002;Theodore & Peck, 2000). Although PRWORA is a policy aimed at single parents (typically mothers), its passage occurred in an era of enthusiasm for programs that endeavored to move disadvantaged populations experiencing a range of individual vulnerabilities (ranging from long-term unemployment, to substance abuse, mental illness, and homelessness) into unsubsidized jobs in the labor market (Seefeldt, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Business of Job Creation: An Examination of the Social Enterprise Approach to Workforce Development

Cooney

2011

Journal of Poverty

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“…They were largely linked with the institutional rhetoric of job placement which is now acknowledged as inefficient. Besides, previous research shows that, especially for disadvantaged women, work‐first approaches in the absence of education and training are not sustainable (Bok, ).…”

Section: Research Aims and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Implications for Addressing Roma Precarious Migration Through Employment at Home

Pantea

2013

International Migration

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Roma migration from Romania is often precarious and takes place in circumstances that increase pre-existent levels of vulnerability. For many, migration is a last resort solution for navigating an insecure economic environment. For others, it has become a source of profit they draw upon, sometimes at the expense of the most vulnerable members of Roma communities. The major challenge this article addresses is how to create the enabling circumstances at home in order to provide alternatives to precarious migration for Roma. Informed by interviews with Roma migrants and with local authorities, this article examines the policy options at local level, addressing Roma precarious migration. It examines the limitations of the current employment policies in relation to Roma in order to identify what seem to work, what sounds promising and what does not work. It advises that job fairs and counselling campaigns are likely to fail, as they do not tackle the structural constraints keeping Roma outside the labour market. Unless linked with realistic employment opportunities, training courses also remain precarious strategies for labour market integration. The article also argues that individualized interventions (including repatriation schemes) are likely to increase community divides. The article supports structural, community-level measures for tackling unemployment and argues that future policies need to have Roma communities as the 'unit of intervention', because the social preconditions for migration are likely to be generated at this level. This policy proposal is grounded in the research finding that an apparently consistent group of Roma migrants, prone to deceitful recruitment and precarious migration, would endorse reasonable and stable economic solutions at home. Yet accepting that circular migration may be inevitable for a number of Roma is an important ingredient when designing policy interventions.

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Education and Training for Low-Income Women: An Elusive Goal

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Gendering Welfare: Lone Mothers’ Experiences of Welfare-to-Work Programmes in Hong Kong

Gendering Welfare: Lone Mothers’ Experiences of Welfare-to-Work Programmes in Hong Kong

The Business of Job Creation: An Examination of the Social Enterprise Approach to Workforce Development

Policy Implications for Addressing Roma Precarious Migration Through Employment at Home

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