“…Furthermore, in divided societies, where most young people are educated in segregated schools, the formal study of civics occurs during high school. Informal education, on the other hand, takes place in the community, in schools and in the military (Lemish, 2003;Gallagher & Duffy, 2016;Goren & Yemini, 2018;Duffy et al, 2022). However, the curricula in the separate schools are comparable in terms of the inclusion of topics relevant to citizenship such as identity, equality, and participation (Niens & Chastenay, 2008;Papworth, 2020).…”