Education Intervention on Chronotherapy for Final-Year Pharmacy Students

Kaur, Gagandeep; Saba, Maya; Phillips, Craig L.; Wong, Keith; Saini, Bandana

doi:10.3390/pharmacy3040269

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A recent study has developed a chronotherapy-based educational training program for pharmacy graduates. The study highlights that the role of an up-to-date, evidence-based educational program on chronotherapy can improve knowledge and enhance positive attitudes for pharmacist roles in clinical practice [ 102 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Administration: For Commonly-Prescribed Medicines in Australia

et al. 2016

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Chronotherapy involves the administration of medication in coordination with the body’s circadian rhythms to maximise therapeutic effectiveness and minimise/avoid adverse effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the “time of administration” recommendations on chronotherapy for commonly-prescribed medicines in Australia. This study also aimed to explore the quality of information on the timing of administration presented in drug information sources, such as consumer medicine information (CMI) and approved product information (PI). Databases were searched for original research studies reporting on the impact of “time of administration” of the 30 most commonly-prescribed medicines in Australia for 2014. Further, time of administration recommendations from drug information sources were compared to the evidence from chronotherapy trials. Our search revealed 27 research studies, matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In 56% (n = 15) of the research studies, the therapeutic effect of the medicine varied with the time of administration, i.e., supported chronotherapy. For some medicines (e.g., simvastatin), circadian-based optimal administration time was evident in the information sources. Overall, dedicated studies on the timing of administration of medicines are sparse, and more studies are required. As it stands, information provision to consumers and health professionals about the optimal “time” to take medications lags behind emerging evidence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Administration: For Commonly-Prescribed Medicines in Australia

et al. 2016

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“…In the context of jetlag, administration of treatment requires consideration of the individual's circadian timing relative to the direction of travel (i.e., melatonin taken at night for eastward travel to phase advance) [49]. As such, expanding sleep health education to include principles of chronotherapy and circadian science represents an important area of development within the pharmacy curriculum and ongoing continuing professional development [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prospective participants completed an online survey capturing their demographic information and details about their professional practice setting. Given the lack of validated items evaluating pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards sleep health, ten additional items were developed in reference to the relevant adjacent literature [19,20], to gauge participants' knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards melatonin use for sleep. Beliefs and attitudes were captured as a 5-point Likert-scale (1 = strongly agree; 2 = agree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = disagree 5 = strongly disagree).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Exploration of Pharmacists' Perspectives and Attitudes Towards the 2021 Down-scheduling of Melatonin in Australia

Yeung

Lee

Bin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background In Australia, prescription melatonin became ‘Pharmacist Only Medicine’ for people over 55 with insomnia from June 2021. However, little is known about pharmacists’ views on melatonin down-scheduling and their perceived impacts on practice. Objectives To explore the impact of melatonin down-scheduling on Australian community pharmacists’ practice. Methods A convenience sample of community pharmacists and pharmacy interns were recruited. Participants completed a pre-interview survey capturing demographic and professional practice details, followed by a semi-structured interview. Interviews were guided by a schedule of questions exploring the perceived role of melatonin, preparation/response to down-scheduling, practice changes and patient interactions. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Approach. Results Twenty-four interviews were conducted with Australian community pharmacists (n = 19) and intern pharmacists (n = 5). Pharmacists/intern pharmacists welcomed the increased accessibility of melatonin for patients. However, pharmacists perceived a disconnect between the guidelines, supply protocols and pack sizes with practice, making it difficult to monitor patient use of melatonin. The miscommunication of eligibility also contributed to patient-pharmacist tension when supply was denied. Importantly, 88% of participants indicated their interest in upskilling their knowledge in melatonin use in sleep, specifically formulation differences and dosage titration. Conclusions This study showed the need to refine and unify supply protocols and amend pack sizes in community pharmacy. With further support and training, pharmacists have the potential to extend their scope of practice in sleep health in tandem with the provision of over-the-counter sleep aids.

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“…In the context of jetlag, administration of treatment requires consideration of the individual’s circadian timing relative to the direction of travel (i.e., melatonin taken at night for eastward travel to phase advance) [ 62 ]. As such, expanding sleep health education to include principles of chronotherapy and circadian science represents an important area of development within the pharmacy curriculum and ongoing continuing professional development [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prospective participants completed an online survey capturing their demographic information and details about their professional practice setting. Given the lack of validated instruments available for evaluating pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes towards sleep health, ten additional items were developed in reference to the relevant adjacent literature [ 30 , 31 ], to gauge participants’ knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes towards melatonin use for sleep. Beliefs and attitudes were captured as a 5-point Likert-scale (1 = strongly agree; 2 = agree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = disagree 5 = strongly disagree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists’ perspectives and attitudes towards the 2021 down-scheduling of melatonin in Australia using the Theoretical Domains Framework: a mixed-methods study

et al. 2023

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Background In Australia, prescription melatonin became a ‘Pharmacist Only Medicine’ for people over 55 with insomnia from June 2021. However, little is known about pharmacists’ views on melatonin down-scheduling and perceived impacts on practice. Aim To explore Australian community pharmacists’ views on and attitudes towards the down-scheduling of melatonin. Method A convenience sample of community pharmacists and pharmacy interns were recruited. Participants completed a survey capturing demographic and professional practice details, and rated their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards melatonin. This was followed by an online semi-structured interview. Interviews were guided by a schedule of questions developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework and explored the perceived role of melatonin, preparation/response to down-scheduling, practice changes and patient interactions. Interviews continued until data saturation and were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Approach. Results Twenty-four interviews were conducted with community pharmacists (n = 19) and intern pharmacists (n = 5), all practicing in metropolitan areas. Pharmacists/intern pharmacists welcomed the increased accessibility of melatonin for patients. However, pharmacists perceived a disconnect between the guidelines, supply protocols and pack sizes with practice, making it difficult to monitor patient use of melatonin. The miscommunication of eligibility also contributed to patient-pharmacist tension when supply was denied. Importantly, most participants indicated their interest in upskilling their knowledge in melatonin use in sleep, specifically formulation differences and dosage titration. Conclusion While pharmacists welcomed the down-scheduling of melatonin, several challenges were noted, contributing to pharmacist-patient tensions in practice. Findings highlight the need to refine and unify melatonin supply protocols and amend pack sizes to reflect guideline recommendations as well as better educating the public about the risk-benefits of melatonin.

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Education Intervention on Chronotherapy for Final-Year Pharmacy Students

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Timing of Administration: For Commonly-Prescribed Medicines in Australia

Timing of Administration: For Commonly-Prescribed Medicines in Australia

A Qualitative Exploration of Pharmacists' Perspectives and Attitudes Towards the 2021 Down-scheduling of Melatonin in Australia

Pharmacists’ perspectives and attitudes towards the 2021 down-scheduling of melatonin in Australia using the Theoretical Domains Framework: a mixed-methods study

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