“…When it comes to evaluating the efficacy of compulsory education inputs in these regions, however, research is lacking. Previous studies highlight some related issues like compulsory education [ 4 , 5 , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ], education inputs [ [20] , [21] , [22] ], and education resources [ 8 , 23 , 24 ]. Several studies also focus on the relationship between education inputs or resources and performance [ 3 , 8 , 25 , 26 ].…”