Education stock and its implication for income inequality: The case of Asian economies

Arshed, Noman; Ali, Anwar; Hassan, Muhammad Shahid; Bukhari, Samra

doi:10.1111/rode.12585

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…While equating first derivative equal to zero, this study will estimate the country‐wise value of an estimated number of days by which their COVID19 incidence curve will flatten. Several studies like (Arshed, Anwar, Hassan, & Bukhari, 2019; Hanif, Arshed, & Aziz, 2019; Iqbal, Kalim, & Arshed, 2019; Zahid, Arshed, Munir, & Hameed, 2020) have used this method to estimate the minima or maxima of the curve.

{lCase}_{it} = α_{1 normali} + α_{2 normali} {Days}_{it} - α_{3 normali} {Days}_{it}^{2} + e_{it},

\frac{\partial {lCase}_{it}}{\partial {Days}_{it}} = α_{2 normali} - α_{3 normali} 2 * {Days}_{it} = 0,

{Days}_{it}^{*} = \frac{{normalα}_{2 i}}{2 α_{3 normali}} .

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical assessment of government policies and flattening of the COVID 19 curve

2020

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The objective of the study is 2-fold. First, it estimates the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID19) flattening curve using Panel Random Coefficient Model. This allows each country to have its trajectory while allowing for random error effects to transfer across countries. Second, it calculates the expected number of days to reach the flattening point of COVID19 curve and estimate the empirical effectiveness of government policies around the world using Poisson regression. This study avails global COVID19 incidence data for 190 countries between January 22, 2020 and May 11, 2020. In the absence of a vaccine or of more appropriate treatment options, non-pharmaceutical approaches must be used to control the spread of the COVID19. This study proposed that the contact tracing, stay at home restrictions and international movement restrictions are most effective in controlling the spread and flattening the COIVD19 curve. At the same time, habits that hurt the immune system like smoking have a negative effect on the flattening of the curve. The government should integrate these policies in their lockdown plan to make it smart lockdown.

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{lCase}_{it} = α_{1 normali} + α_{2 normali} {Days}_{it} - α_{3 normali} {Days}_{it}^{2} + e_{it},

\frac{\partial {lCase}_{it}}{\partial {Days}_{it}} = α_{2 normali} - α_{3 normali} 2 * {Days}_{it} = 0,

{Days}_{it}^{*} = \frac{{normalα}_{2 i}}{2 α_{3 normali}} .

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical assessment of government policies and flattening of the COVID 19 curve

2020

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“…Another study about Ghana by Arkorful et al (2020) discussed that poverty and education are cyclic, poor families are unable to access higher education which leads to poor job conditions. Only a few studies such as Arshed et al (2018); Arshed et al (2019) have explored the role of educational attainment in reducing income inequality in the case of SAARC and Asian economies. According to these studies, the effect of educational attainment is not linear.…”

Section: Some Researchersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the government can help the students enroll in public and private schools by introducing financial aid to reduce dropouts. Educational institutes can offer evening and weekend educational programs at school level as well in order to increase primary and secondary school enrollment (Arshed et al, 2019;Rahman et al, 2018).…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Income Inequality Lead to Education Inequality? A Cross Sectional Study of Pakistan

Arshed

Hassan

Aziz

2020

UER

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When firms do not know which labor is capable of efficient work, then paying all employees their average product as wage seems a feasible option. This simplest of ways discourages good workers and makes bad workers costly. Spence proposed to use educational attainment as the indicator of the labor force's capability to solve this problem. Since workers are randomly distributed in terms of their ability, Akerlof would lead us to believe that the level of educational attainment should be proportional to the individual's ability, which is not valid, practically. This study strives to find the determinants of educational inequality, where income inequality of the household is the prime suspect, and other indicators include gender, household size, and age. GMM instrumental variable approach was used to study the effect of income inequality on educational inequality. The results showed that it is income inequality, which restricts people from attaining higher education.

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“…Existing empirical evidence about the relation between income inequality and education has mainly used educational spending or years of schooling to approach education (Arshed, Anwar, Hassan, & Bukhari, 2019; Coady & Dizioli, 2018; Haddad, Freguglia, & Gomes, 2017). For instance, years of schooling assumes that one additional year of schooling has the same impact on income regardless of educational establishment, educational system, region, or country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Educational‐spending efficiency, on the contrary, can vary across countries, especially for developing countries (Afonso, Schuknecht, & Tanzi, 2010; Dufrechou, 2016). Moreover, despite evidence using time series for estimating a long‐run relationship in a developing country (Qazi, Raza, Jawaid, & Karim, 2018) or panel estimates for long‐run effects across countries (Arshed et al., 2019), long‐run estimation is not abundant or neglects the presence of regional variation within a country, and then, the relevance of spatial effects, which is at the center of our approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the impact of school performance on income inequality in the long run: An application to Chilean municipalities

Leiva

Pino

2020

Growth and Change

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High income inequality has become a barrier to economic development for emerging economies. Education is commonly seen as a way to decrease income inequality; however, the empirical evidence is not convincing. By focusing on school performance, we take advantage of spatial econometrics to estimate a long‐run relationship showing that income inequality can be reduced by increases in school performance. In particular, our results show that increases in school performance at early stages of educational levels and using mathematics as the subject goal can decrease income inequality in the long run. We use the case of Chile, which presents high income inequality and low school performance compared to similar nations.

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Education stock and its implication for income inequality: The case of Asian economies

Cited by 39 publications

References 72 publications

Empirical assessment of government policies and flattening of the COVID 19 curve

Empirical assessment of government policies and flattening of the COVID 19 curve

Does Income Inequality Lead to Education Inequality? A Cross Sectional Study of Pakistan

Analysis of the impact of school performance on income inequality in the long run: An application to Chilean municipalities

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