Education versus environmental countermeasures

Pediatric Trauma in Southwestern Ontario: Linking Data with Injury Prevention Initiatives

“…However, educational programs cannot work in isolation and prevention of child pedestrian injuries is a multifactorial problem that needs to be addressed in a multifaceted approach. 29 Engineering changes that separate children from traffic and traffic-calming measures (speed bumps, lower speed limits) that decrease rate and flow of traffic also play a key role in pedestrian IP. 26 The majority of older adolescents were injured as the driver in a MVC.…”

The roles of gender, age and cognitive development in children's pedestrian route selection

“…Pedestrian injury is a substantial threat to the health of children in the USA (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 2010). For example, one of every five deaths to children 1–14 years old is related to motor vehicles, with 25% of these from pedestrian injuries (Schieber & Vegega 2002). A growing body of research points to the roles of parent, child and environmental factors in pedestrian safety (Macpherson et al .…”

The roles of child, parent and environmental factors in pedestrian supervision

“…In the US, children 5-9 years of age are at particular risk because of their small physical size and underdeveloped cognitive-perceptual abilities (Barton, 2006;Schieber & Vegega, 2002). Because parents often accompany young children when crossing streets (Ozanne-Smith, 1992), they can potentially moderate children's risk of pedestrian injury.…”