Educational inequalities in smoking: The role of initiation versus quitting

Maralani, Vida

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.01.007

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This finding is in line with the conclusions of earlier research (e.g. Green et al, 2016;Maralani, 2013) and supports the plausibility of the proposed mechanism.…”

Section: A Plausible Motivating Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 93%

Smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization: A Bourdieusian analysis of impressions.

Aronson¹,

Bergh²

2019

Stigma and Health

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Earlier research from Western countries indicates that individuals with low socioeconomic status initiate tobacco smoking even though smoking is a stigmatized practice. We propose that theoretical developments of Bourdieu's theories on capital can reveal a plausible mechanism that explains smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization, and we perform a double-blind randomized controlled experiment with the impressions of a smoking adolescent girl to test and elaborate on our proposition. The empirical data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 622 Swedish adolescents during the fall of 2015. Half the questionnaires included a picture of a smoking girl and half the questionnaires included an identical picture without the act of smoking. Binary logistic regressions indicate that the girl on the picture was perceived as significantly less likable, more popular, less kind, less compassionate, more deceitful, more conceited, and more liable to bully when she smoked a cigarette compared to when she did not smoke. The theoretical analysis implies that adolescents with low socioeconomic status may seek to smoke in the face of stigmatization because of a motivating mechanism that functions in accordance with Bourdieu's economic logic of action. The concluding section presents implications for tobacco-control policies.

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“…This finding is in line with the conclusions of earlier research (e.g. Green et al, 2016;Maralani, 2013) and supports the plausibility of the proposed mechanism.…”

Section: A Plausible Motivating Mechanismsupporting

confidence: 93%

Smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization: A Bourdieusian analysis of impressions.

Aronson¹,

Bergh²

2019

Stigma and Health

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“…The important role of cohort membership and the less important role of age for educational differences in smoking have been noted in prior research (Maralani, 2013) and supports the idea that cohorts are vehicles of social change (Ryder, 1965). However, the deceleration of educational differences in daily and never-smoking across cohorts do not support the idea that differences in smoking behavior between people with different levels of education are widening or that there is a process of sedimentation (Dixon and Banwell, 2009) or hardening (Warner and Burns, 2003) of smokers among low-SEP groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The positive relationship between never having smoked and age after controlling for birth cohort membership, and the curvilinear shape of the educational differences in never-smoking among men, seems at odds with the idea that the fraction of never-smokers among adults born in the same year should remain stable across age groups, as shown by Maralani (2013) or decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Studies have shown that smoking behavior depends strongly on birth cohort (Harris, 1983;Maralani, 2013). Almost all smokers report that they started smoking in their teenage years (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1994) which suggests that society's opinions on smoking at the time when adolescents pick up smoking is crucial for the future distribution of smoking.…”

Section: Diffusion Of Cigarette Smoking Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Vedøy¹

2014

Social Science Research

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(online), with the title: Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X14001033Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudopanel approach AbstractThis study examined if temporal variations in daily cigarette smoking and never-smoking among groups with different levels of education fit the pattern proposed by the theory of diffusion of innovations (TDI), while taking into account the separate effects of age, period and birth cohort (APC). Aggregated data from nationally representative interview surveys from Norway from 1976 to 2010 was used to calculate probabilities of smoking using an APC approach in which the period variable was normalized to pick up short term cyclical effects. Results showed that educational differences in smoking over time were more strongly determined by birth cohort membership than variations in smoking behavior across the life course. The probability of daily smoking decreased faster across cohorts among higher compared to lower educated. In contrast, the change in probability of never having smoked across cohorts was similar in the two education groups, but stronger among men compared to women. Moreover, educational differences in both daily and never-smoking increased among early cohorts and leveled off among late cohorts. The results emphasizes the importance of birth cohort for social change and are consistent with TDI, which posits that smoking behavior diffuse through the social structure over time.

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“…However, the two processes differ substantially, with cessation proving more difficult and requiring more resources than initiation. Although educational disparities in cessation are strong (Reid et al, 2010), initiation is an important contributor to the patterns of educational inequality in adult smoking (Maralani, 2013). Despite calls for more study of initiation (Schaap & Kunst, 2009), however, most studies examine disparities in uptake for one nation (e.g., (Legleye et al, 2011a; Schulze & Mons, 2006)).…”

Section: Study Framework and Research Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort changes in educational disparities in smoking: France, Germany and the United States

Pampel

Legleye

Goffette

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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This study investigates the evolution of educational disparities in smoking uptake across cohorts for men and women in three countries. Nationally representative surveys of adults in France, Germany and the United States in 2009–2010 include retrospective measures of age of uptake that are compared for three cohorts (born 1946–1960–1961–1975, and 1976–1992). Discrete logistic regressions and a relative measure of education are used to model smoking histories until age 34. The following patterns are found: a strengthening of educational disparities in the timing of uptake from older to younger cohorts; an earlier occurrence of the strengthening for men than women and for the United States than France or Germany; a faster pace of the epidemic in France than in the United States, and; a divide between the highest level of education and the others in the United States, as opposed to a gradient across categories in France. Those differences in smoking disparities across cohorts, genders and countries help identify the national and temporal circumstances that shape the size and direction of the relationship between education and health and the need for policies that target educational disparities.

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Educational inequalities in smoking: The role of initiation versus quitting

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

Smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization: A Bourdieusian analysis of impressions.

Smoking motivation in the face of stigmatization: A Bourdieusian analysis of impressions.

Tracing the cigarette epidemic: An age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach

Cohort changes in educational disparities in smoking: France, Germany and the United States

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