Educational pairings and fertility decline in Brazil: An analysis using cohort fertility

Silva, José Henrique Costa Monteiro da; Lima, Everton Emanuel Campos de; Oliveira, Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de

doi:10.4054/demres.2022.46.6

DemRes

2022

DOI: 10.4054/demres.2022.46.6

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Educational pairings and fertility decline in Brazil: An analysis using cohort fertility

José Henrique Costa Monteiro da Silva¹,

Everton Emanuel Campos de Lima²,

Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de Oliveira³

Abstract: BACKGROUNDBrazil's fertility transition was the result of multiple socioeconomic transformations that started during the second quarter of the 20th century. Education expansion played an important role in this process by promoting changes in social norms and in assortative mating profiles. OBJECTIVEThe goal is to estimate cohort fertility rates (CFR) of women in union by educational pairing (different combinations of men's and women's educational levels) and whether changes observed in assortative mating profi… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Economic Determinants of High Order Births in Russia: The Study Based on the Analysis of Regional Differentiation

Shubat

2023

REGIONOLOGY

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Introduction. Demographic problems are one of the acutest in modern Russia. Negative demographic trends which are specifically manifested in the regions of the country, actualize the study of trends, causes and consequences of the decline in fertility. This will allow developing more effective measures of state support and stimulation of the birth rate. At the same time, the study of regional differentiation is especially in demand in relation to higher-order births. An increase in the number of births of third and subsequent children is necessary to overcome negative demographic trends and increase the population in the country. The purpose of the article is to study the features of regional differentiation of high order births in Russia and to assess the influence of economic factors on them. Materials and Methods. The demographic indicators of Rosstat for 2018–2021, presented in the regional context, were used as an information base; ratings of regions of the agency RIA Rating. The methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and comparison tests were used. Based on the Tukey criterion the regions with atypical values of the birth rate were identified and described separately. Results. The analysis has revealed a high level of regional differentiation of higher-order births; showed no relationship between the birth rate of third and subsequent children and the following economic factors in the regions: the implementation of regional maternity capital programs, the level of socio-economic development of the region and the level of well-being of families in the region. The analysis has showed that these factors are not related to the nature of the dynamics of the birth rate of third and subsequent children in the regions of Russia. Discussions and Conclusions. The results obtained have allowed us to conclude that the determinants of high-order births in Russia are not limited to the economic conditions of the population’s life. The effectiveness of the economic measures implemented in the country to support and stimulate high-order births has not been confirmed. The results can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of pronatalist state measures. Understanding the features and causes of the emerging regional differentiation of high-order births will make it possible to build more reasonable forecasts of demographic dynamics.

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Economic Determinants of High Order Births in Russia: The Study Based on the Analysis of Regional Differentiation

Shubat

2023

REGIONOLOGY

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The decline of educational hypergamy in the former Yugoslav republics

Gligorijević

Bakić

2022

STANOVNISHTVO

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This paper examines marital market preferences and opportunities, given the gender asymmetry of education and the limited supply of equally educated partners (especially in the higher education segment), and explores selection patterns resulting from new composite changes for at-risk populations entering into a marriage. Specifically, we are researching mixed marriages by education and changes in the patterns of that selection in the former Yugoslav republics. The assessment of the impact of changes in educational characteristics by gender on patterns of marital pairing and the reduction of the level of educational hypergamy was performed by analysing the movement of F-index and H-index values from 1970 to 2020 and their correlation coefficient. The results showed that educational hypergamy is declining in all countries and that the decline in hypergamy is positively associated with the predominance of women among highly educated individuals.

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Identify Affecting Factors on Total Fertility Rate: A Systematic Review

Borzoiepour,

Alizadeh,

Jafary

et al. 2024

Health Scope

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Background: The total fertility rate (TFR) is a key indicator of population dynamics and health. It shows the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime, based on the current fertility rates for different age groups. Various factors affect the TFR, such as social, economic, political, technological, environmental, and health factors. By analyzing these factors and how they influence the TFR, policymakers and planners can design and implement interventions to achieve optimal population and health outcomes. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and ProQuest databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine systematically. We searched for studies from 13 December 2021 - 20 May 2022, without time limits. We included studies that described at least one driver of TFR. We applied the STEEPH framework (social, technology, environmental, economic, political, and health) method to analyze the qualitative data. Results: We included 64 studies from 26 countries. We identified 410 drivers of TFR, and classified 181 drivers into six main categories: Social, technological, environmental, economic, political, and health. The main factors that lower the fertility rate are education, aging, poverty, postponing marriage (social), exposure of women to mass media (technology), type of residence and living in urban areas, road accidents (environmental), income and economic situation (recession and inflation), unemployment, debt, women’s employment (economic), government policies (political), use of anti-fertility drugs (health). The main drivers that raise the fertility rate are having first child girls, women’s proximity to their workplace (social), use of assisted reproductive technology (technology), living in rural areas and natural and unnatural disasters (environmental), improvement in men’s labor market conditions, employment opportunities (economic), increased parental leave (political), high infant mortality (health). Conclusions: We identified a comprehensive list of effective drivers that have increased or decreased TFR in different parts of the world. It is necessary to review these drivers considering the specific conditions and social, cultural, economic, and political coordinates of each country. This review should inform policymakers' actions in this area.

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Educational pairings and fertility decline in Brazil: An analysis using cohort fertility

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Economic Determinants of High Order Births in Russia: The Study Based on the Analysis of Regional Differentiation

Economic Determinants of High Order Births in Russia: The Study Based on the Analysis of Regional Differentiation

The decline of educational hypergamy in the former Yugoslav republics

Identify Affecting Factors on Total Fertility Rate: A Systematic Review

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