Educational Pluralism - a historical study of so-called 'pillarization' in the Netherlands, including a comparison with some developments in South African education

Sturm, Johan; Groenendijk, L.F.; Kruithof, Boudewijn P. T.; Engelbrecht, Petra

doi:10.1080/03050069828144

“…The hi gh degree of shared envi ronmental i nfl uences i n the tw i n data seems to capture thi s system of 'vol untary aparthei d' i n Dutch soci ety. 47 Religion influences the way individuals respond to personality questionnaires. The influence of religi on w as evi dent on several personal i ty di mensi ons, Genetics of religion and disinhibition DI Boomsma et al 123 but w as most pronounced for the scal es of the Sensati on Seeki ng Questi onnai re.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All 'private' schools are ful l y fi nanced by state funds. 47 Thi s denomi nati onal segregati on conti nues through hi gh school and even uni versi ty. Other aspects of publ i c l i fe al so show a similar division along religious lines, which i nvol ves youth organi sati ons, sport and cul tural cl ubs, medi a, i nsurance compani es, heal th i nsti tuti ons and hospi tal s, ol d-age homes, and housi ng associ ati ons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality

Boomsma¹,

Geus

²

,

Baal

³

et al. 1999

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I nfor mati on on per sonal i ty, on anxi ety and depr essi on and on sever al aspects of r el i gi on w as col l ected i n 1974 Dutch fami l i es consi sti ng of adol escent and young adul t tw i ns and thei r par ents. A nal yses of these data show ed that di ffer ences betw een i ndi vi dual s i n r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng, i n religious affiliation and in participation in church activities are not influenced by genetic factors. The familial resembl ance for di ffer ent aspects of r el i gi on i s hi gh, but can be expl ai ned enti r el y by environmental influences common to family members. Shared genes do not contribute to familial r esembl ances i n r el i gi on. The absence of geneti c i nfl uences on var i ati on i n sever al di mensi ons of religion is in contrast to findings of genetic influences on a large number of other traits that were studi ed i n these tw i n fami l i es. Di ffer ences i n r el i gi ous back gr ound ar e associ ated w i th di ffer ences in personality, especially in Sensation Seeking. Subjects with a religious upbringing, who are currently religious and who engage in church activities score lower on the scales of the Sensation Seek i ng Questi onnai r e. The most pr onounced effect i s on the Di si nhi bi ti on scal e. The r esembl ances betw een tw i ns for the Di si nhi bi ti on scal e di ffer accor di ng to thei r r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng. Recei vi ng a r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng seems to r educe the i nfl uence of geneti c factor s on Di si nhi bi ti on, especially in males.Keyw or ds: genotype ϫ envi ronment (G ϫ E) interaction, twins, religion, personality, sensation seeki ng I ntr oducti on A frequentl y observed fi ndi ng from behavi oural geneti cs research i s that resembl ances betw een fami l y members for a w i de range of human characteri sti cs are mai nl y due to shared genes and not to shared envi ronment. We have studi ed vari abl es rel ated to personal i ty, psychopathol ogy, l i fe styl e, cardi ovascul ar di sease, brai n functi on, cogni ti on and i ntel l i gence i n tw i ns of di fferent ages. These tw i ns, and someti mes thei r fami l y members such as parents and si bl i ngs, parti ci pate i n research projects that requi re them to come to the l aboratory for el ectrophysi ol ogi cal assessment of brai n functi on, for exampl e, or they are vi si ted at home for assessment of IQ or for 24-hour ambul ant regi strati on of heart rate and bl ood pressure. Other tw i n families parti ci pate i n l arge scal e surveys that are conducted by mailed questionnaires.In Fi gures 1 and 2 a summary i s presented, separatel y for mal es and femal es, of the mai n resul ts from these studi es i n Dutch tw i ns, w ho are regi stered w i th the Netherl ands Tw i n Regi stry. 30 The dark bars represent heritabilities, the shaded bars give esti mates for the i nfl uence of shared envi ronment and the l i ght bars show the i nfl uence of uni que envi ronmental effects (i ncl udi ng any effect of age). In these fi gures, the vari abl es have been grouped i nto four ...

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“…The hi gh degree of shared envi ronmental i nfl uences i n the tw i n data seems to capture thi s system of 'vol untary aparthei d' i n Dutch soci ety. 47 Religion influences the way individuals respond to personality questionnaires. The influence of religi on w as evi dent on several personal i ty di mensi ons, Genetics of religion and disinhibition DI Boomsma et al 123 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality

Boomsma¹,

Geus

²

,

Baal

³

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I nfor mati on on per sonal i ty, on anxi ety and depr essi on and on sever al aspects of r el i gi on w as col l ected i n 1974 Dutch fami l i es consi sti ng of adol escent and young adul t tw i ns and thei r par ents. A nal yses of these data show ed that di ffer ences betw een i ndi vi dual s i n r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng, i n religious affiliation and in participation in church activities are not influenced by genetic factors. The familial resembl ance for di ffer ent aspects of r el i gi on i s hi gh, but can be expl ai ned enti r el y by environmental influences common to family members. Shared genes do not contribute to familial r esembl ances i n r el i gi on. The absence of geneti c i nfl uences on var i ati on i n sever al di mensi ons of religion is in contrast to findings of genetic influences on a large number of other traits that were studi ed i n these tw i n fami l i es. Di ffer ences i n r el i gi ous back gr ound ar e associ ated w i th di ffer ences in personality, especially in Sensation Seeking. Subjects with a religious upbringing, who are currently religious and who engage in church activities score lower on the scales of the Sensation Seek i ng Questi onnai r e. The most pr onounced effect i s on the Di si nhi bi ti on scal e. The r esembl ances betw een tw i ns for the Di si nhi bi ti on scal e di ffer accor di ng to thei r r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng. Recei vi ng a r el i gi ous upbr i ngi ng seems to r educe the i nfl uence of geneti c factor s on Di si nhi bi ti on, especially in males.Keyw or ds: genotype ϫ envi ronment (G ϫ E) interaction, twins, religion, personality, sensation seeki ng I ntr oducti on A frequentl y observed fi ndi ng from behavi oural geneti cs research i s that resembl ances betw een fami l y members for a w i de range of human characteri sti cs are mai nl y due to shared genes and not to shared envi ronment. We have studi ed vari abl es rel ated to personal i ty, psychopathol ogy, l i fe styl e, cardi ovascul ar di sease, brai n functi on, cogni ti on and i ntel l i gence i n tw i ns of di fferent ages. These tw i ns, and someti mes thei r fami l y members such as parents and si bl i ngs, parti ci pate i n research projects that requi re them to come to the l aboratory for el ectrophysi ol ogi cal assessment of brai n functi on, for exampl e, or they are vi si ted at home for assessment of IQ or for 24-hour ambul ant regi strati on of heart rate and bl ood pressure. Other tw i n families parti ci pate i n l arge scal e surveys that are conducted by mailed questionnaires.In Fi gures 1 and 2 a summary i s presented, separatel y for mal es and femal es, of the mai n resul ts from these studi es i n Dutch tw i ns, w ho are regi stered w i th the Netherl ands Tw i n Regi stry. 30 The dark bars represent heritabilities, the shaded bars give esti mates for the i nfl uence of shared envi ronment and the l i ght bars show the i nfl uence of uni que envi ronmental effects (i ncl udi ng any effect of age). In these fi gures, the vari abl es have been grouped i nto four ...

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“…In contrast with the educational regulations and policies in most other countries, since 1917 all schools in the Netherlands recognized by the government, that is, which meet a set of formal requirements, receive full financial support (Sturm et al 1998;Miedema and De Ruyter 1995;De Ruyter and Miedema 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Insights From Practice

Miedema

¹

2000

Religious Education

12

0

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This essay, in discussing religious education in the Netherlands, takes its starting point in the dual Dutch educational system of denominational private schools and public state schools. For several reasons, the stringent dividing line between religiously neutral state schools and religious or denominational schools is no longer defensible. On the basis of an empirical as well as a normative line of thought, the author argues for multireligious schools. Such schools would meet the demand for coherence-and, thus, particularismby stressing the need for a stable primary-and secondary-school culture, and at the same time would address the plurality of social, cultural, and religious traditions among students.

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Educational Pluralism - a historical study of so-called 'pillarization' in the Netherlands, including a comparison with some developments in South African education

Abstract: Recently, modern dem ocratic governm ents have been facing religious and other minorities demanding state funding of separate schools. A system of completely equal treatm ent of both state and denom inational schools has existed in the N etherlands since 1920 and is ® rmly rooted in the

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A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality

A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality

A religious upbringing reduces the influence of genetic factors on disinhibition: Evidence for interaction between genotype and environment on personality

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