“…Besides these main methods, other methods used are discovery learning, communication-based learning, project-based learning, and competition-based learning. In terms of teaching the main engineering concepts (design, simulation, limitations, innovations, system optimization, experimentation, prototypes, compromise, analysis, problem solving, functionality, visualization and efficiency), usually taught at the pre-college level, Riojas (Riojas et al, 2012) identified the following three proper teaching methods: 1) direct instruction, 2) problem / inquiry-based learning, and 3) project-based learning. Direct instruction is a deductive teaching method viewing learning as a function of change of pupils' longterm memory.…”