EduCTX: A Blockchain-Based Higher Education Credit Platform

Turkanović, Muhamed; Hölbl, Marko; Košič, Kristjan; Heričko, Marjan; Kamišalić, Aida

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2789929

Cited by 523 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

242

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Quorum [249] (which is based on an Ethereum core) is used by electronic health records sharing system [107] and vehicle life-cycle data sharing [151] because of its integrated support for private transactions. The ARK [250] blockchain was selected to record higher education course credits records [81] due to its flexibility in the number of programming languages its client implementations support. Reference [88] presents a system that measures research paper author contributions using the NEM [251] smart asset platform which is another blockchain that provide flexible business logic capability.…”

Section: ) Other Blockchainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blockchain is considered one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Numerous cities around the world are launching blockchain initiatives as part of the overall efforts toward shaping the urban future. However, the infancy stage of the blockchain industry leads to a severe gap between the knowledge we have and the actions urban policy makers are taking. This paper is an effort to narrow this rift. We provide a systematic literature review on concrete blockchain use cases proposed by the research community. At the macro-level, we discuss and organize use cases from 159 selected papers into nine sectors recognized as crucial for sustainable and smart urban future. At the micro-level, we identify a component-based framework and analyze the design and prototypes of blockchain systems studied in a subset of 71 papers. The high-level use case review allows us to illustrate the relationship between them and the four pillars of urban sustainability: social, economic, environmental, and governmental. The system level analysis helps us highlight interesting inconsistencies between well-known blockchain applicability decision rules and the approaches taken by the literature. We also offer two classification methodologies for blockchain use cases and elaborate on how they can be applied to stimulate cross-sector insights in the blockchain knowledge domain.INDEX TERMS Bitcoin, blockchain, computer networks, consensus, crypto token, distributed computing, Ethereum, Hyperledger Fabric, systematic literature review, smart city, smart contract, system analysis and design, peer-to-peer computing, urban sustainability, use case.

show abstract

Section: ) Other Blockchainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A peer-to-peer energy trading system in a micro grid [185] chooses proof-of-stake because it consume less energy than proof-of-work. The educational course credit recording system [81] uses a delegated proof-of-stake consensus system through the ARK blockchain platform it adopted.…”

Section: ) Proof-of-stakementioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Blockchain technology has various applications in the sector of education and learning at individual, institutional, group, national and international levels. Blockchain can be used to securely store digital records of the students [168,169], infrastructure security, transportation management for staff and students, smart contracts for the staff payment and students credits [170,171], human resource [172], data storing and sharing in libraries [173], research articles submission, verification and reviewing [174,175], inter-organizational data collection and analysis [176], digital accreditation of academic learning and achievements [177], and university fees payment.…”

Section: Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Ismail¹,

Materwala²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the last decade the blockchain technology has emerged to provide solutions to the complexity and privacy challenges of using distributed databases. Its adoption is motivated by cost reduction for customers. Over this time, the concept of blockchain has shifted greatly due to its potential in business growth for enterprises and the rapidly evolving applications in a collaborative smart cities ecosystem, healthcare, and governance. Many platforms, with different architectures and consensus protocols, have been introduced. Consequently, it becomes challenging for an application developer to chose the right platform. Furthermore, blockchain has misaligned with the goals for efficient green collaborative digital ecosystem. Therefore, it becomes critical to address this gap and to build new frameworks to align blockchain with those goals. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of blockchain architecture and consensus protocols, bringing a retrospective analysis and discussing the rationale of the evolution of the various architectures and protocols, as well as capturing the assumptions conducting to their development and contributions to building collaborative applications. We introduce a classification of those architectures, helping developers to chose a suitable platform for applications and providing insights for future research directions in the field in building new frameworks. blockchain architecture and consensus protocol, it becomes more and more difficult to foresee the uses and applications of blockchain, therefore compounding the difficulty in achieving the goals. In 2017, the bitcoin mining used around 30.14 TerraWatt hours (TWh) of energy, which is equivalent to energy usage of the entire Ireland in a year [3]. According to a research, the annual carbon dioxide emissions by the bitcoin network are as high as 22.9 million metric tons, almost equivalent to the amount produced by the countries like Sri Lanka and Jordan [4].Further challenges have been placed on distributed applications by the expanding industrial market growth to serve a wide number of customers. Growing business requires trust and transparency between the customers and business providers. Customers require to eliminate intermediaries to reduce transactions cost. The issues of data communication overhead with increasing number of network participants further hinders the real-time services of the developed applications. Addressing these problems of energy consumption and scalability often trades off with security, and privacy. As such, the goals of this paper are four-fold: 1) we aim to provide a temporal evolution of blockchain applications development platforms architectures and consensus protocols with a retrospective analysis to their introduction. We classify the platforms and the consensus protocols under unifying architectures, and discuss various existing and upcoming blockchain applications, 2) help developers to choose the right platform architecture for applications, 3) we evaluate the current research on the topic, blockchai...

show abstract

“…The figure below shows a basic 2-to-3 multisignature account, with Bob, Alice, and Carol as the co-signatories. Figure 2: 2-to-3 multisignature account as illustrated in [9] Multisignature accounts can have other multisignature accounts as co-signatories. Multi-level multisignature accounts enables "AND/OR" logic to blockchain transactions [10].…”

Section: Blockchain-based System Evaluation: the Effectiveness Of Blomentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-based System Evaluation: The Effectiveness of Blockchain on E-Procurements

Thio-ac¹

2019

IJATCSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic systems tend to simplify the tedious traditional scheme and basically focuses on the platform design and process organization. The integrity of the output of an automated system is not left behind but the possibility of internal manipulation is still high. This paper presents the current issues in company procurements and the solution in the form of blockchain technology. Several individuals and professionals were asked to evaluate a blockchain-based procurement system in comparison to the current electronic (e-procurement) system. A blockchain-based system has the capability to hold transactional data with complete decentralization and eliminate the growing number of fraud cases in companies and organizations. This paper mainly focuses on the effectiveness of a blockchain-based system in company procurements.

show abstract

EduCTX: A Blockchain-Based Higher Education Credit Platform

Cited by 523 publications

References 36 publications

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review

A Review of Blockchain Architecture and Consensus Protocols: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions

Blockchain-based System Evaluation: The Effectiveness of Blockchain on E-Procurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About