EEG-based major depressive disorder recognition by neural oscillation and asymmetry

Abstract

BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a pervasive mental health issue with significant diagnostic challenges. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive window into the neural dynamics associated with MDD, yet the diagnostic efficacy is contingent upon the appropriate selection of EEG features and brain regions.MethodsIn this study, resting-state EEG signals from both eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions were analyzed. We examined band power across various brain regions, assessed the asymmetry of band power between the hemispheres, and integrated these features with clinical characteristics of MDD into a diagnostic regression model.ResultsRegression analysis found significant predictors of MDD to be beta2 (16–24 Hz) power in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) with eyes open (B = 20.092, p = 0.011), beta3 (24–40 Hz) power in the Medial Occipital Cortex (MOC) (B = −12.050, p < 0.001), and beta2 power in the Right Medial Frontal Cortex (RMFC) with eyes closed (B = 24.227, p < 0.001). Asymmetries in beta1 (12–16 Hz) power with eyes open (B = 28.047, p = 0.018), and in alpha (8–12 Hz, B = 9.004, p = 0.013) and theta (4–8 Hz, B = −13.582, p = 0.008) with eyes closed were also significant predictors.ConclusionThe study confirms the potential of multi-region EEG analysis in improving the diagnostic precision for MDD. By including both neurophysiological and clinical data, we present a more robust approach to understanding and identifying this complex disorder.LimitationsThe research is limited by the sample size and the inherent variability in EEG signal interpretation. Future studies with larger cohorts and advanced analytical techniques are warranted to validate and refine these findings.

Alterations in electroencephalographic functional connectivity in individuals with major depressive disorder: a resting-state electroencephalogram study

“…The present study was conducted in parallel with Liu et al's research, and the socio-demographic information is consistent with that presented in their study (Liu et al, 2024 ). A total of 169 participants were enrolled in this study, of which 86 were recruited in the MDD group and 83 in the HC group.…”

The Effect of Induced Regulatory Focus on Frontal Cortical Activity

“…Research suggests that the frontal cortex plays a crucial role in emotional and motivational processes [1,2]. Studies examining frontal cortical activity span various domains, including personality [3], clinical study [4], and social factors [5]. For instance, higher left frontal cortical activity is linked to greater positive affect [6], increased sensation-seeking [7], and heightened reward sensitivity [8].…”

“…For instance, higher left frontal cortical activity is linked to greater positive affect [6], increased sensation-seeking [7], and heightened reward sensitivity [8]. In contrast, higher right frontal cortical activity is associated with greater negative affect [1], higher levels of depression and anxiety [4,9], greater social inhibition [10], and decreased risky decision making [11,12].…”