EEG concomitants of hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility.

Graffin, Nancy F.; Ray, William J.; Lundy, R.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.123

Cited by 117 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, they were able to show that increased theta power is also observed at frontal locations. This effect of increased theta power in frontal regions in highs at baseline was replicated by Graffin, Ray and Lundy (1995). Increased frontal-central theta is associated with greater attentional focus and improved performance supporting the notion of better attentional performance in highs at baseline, and greater attentional focus under hypnosis (Schacter, 1977).…”

Section: Frontal Executive Functions and Hypnotic Suggestibilitysupporting

confidence: 50%

The role of frontal executive functions in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility.

Parris

2017

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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There is both theoretical and empirical evidence supporting a role for frontal executive functions (FEFs) in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility. However, the precise nature of this involvement is debated. While there is clear evidence that FEFs are impaired under hypnosis, the cause of this decreased function is unclear. Theories make differing predictions as to the role of FEFs in hypnotic suggestibility, with some arguing that decreased baseline (normal function outside of the hypnotic context) FEFs lead to greater hypnotic suggestibility and others arguing that increased baseline FEFs lead to greater hypnotic suggestibility. Other theories posit that suggestibility is more a consequence of attitude rather than aptitude. The present work provides a critical review of the involvement of FEFs in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility. The review considers behavioral evidence from studies employing putative frontal lobe tasks including tests of fluid intelligence and both task- and nontask-based neuroimaging evidence. It is determined that the evidence to date is inconclusive and that more work is needed to establish a necessary and sufficient role for FEFs in hypnosis or hypnotic suggestibility. Recommendations are made for future research.

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Section: Frontal Executive Functions and Hypnotic Suggestibilitysupporting

confidence: 50%

The role of frontal executive functions in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility.

Parris

2017

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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“…Several authors reported an increase of the power in the theta frequency band (Tebecis et al, 1975;Crawford, 1990;Sabourin et al, 1990;Graffi n et al, 1995;De Pascalis et al, 1998). In contrast to meditation, increased beta activity in the right occipital cortex was measured (Ulett et al, 1972) and a signifi cant power increase in the right parietal region .…”

Section: Hypnosismentioning

confidence: 95%

Plasticity changes in the brain in hypnosis and meditation

Halsband

Mueller

Hinterberger

et al. 2009

Contemporary Hypnosis

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Neuroscientifi c evidence interprets both hypnotic trance induction and different meditation traditions as modifi ed states of consciousness that emphasize attention, concentration and the letting go of thoughts, but they differ in terms of sensory input, processing, memory, and the sense of time. Furthermore, hypnosis is based on the suggestibility of a person and meditation on mindfulness; therefore it is not surprising to fi nd differential brain plasticity changes. We analysed shared and non-shared neural substrates using electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Most pronounced EEG changes were in deep as compared to light hypnosis (step-by-step induction) and in arm levitation where suggested movement was perceived as external. In a within-subject-design changes in brain activity during hypnosis and Tibetan Buddhist meditation were compared. High amplitudes in alpha frequency bands were most pronounced with meditation at frontal positions and with hypnosis in central and temporal locations. Signifi cantly greater activity in theta 2 band was observed only with hypnosis in both hemispheres. PET cerebral activation patterns of imagery-mediated learning were analysed in hypnosis in a withinsubject-design. Compared with baseline the learning of high-imagery words was associated with (i) more pronounced bilateral activation in the occipital cortex and prefrontal areas and (ii) improved memory performance. Visual illusion in hypnosis was studied with fMRI, analysed with Granger Causality Mapping, showing changes in the effective connectivity relations of fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Little is known about the neurobiological basis of the process of enhancing cognitive and emotional traits in meditation. In a longitudinal fMRI study attention abilities through intensive Soto-Zen meditation were investigated before (baseline), after training (6 months) and at follow-up (9 months). After six months differences were observed in the left inferior and left superior frontal gyrus; after 9 months activations in the left precuneus. Taken together, the fi ndings advance understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie hypnosis and meditation. Further studies with a greater sample size are needed to explore the differences and commonalities of hypnosis and different meditation techniques.

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“…In the literature, the relevance of hypnotisability for the occurrence of trance phenomena or for long-lasting effects of hypnosis is a matter of debate [see, for example 23]. While some authors report that at least some physiological correlates of hypnosis depend strongly on hypnotisability [e.g., 24], others do not find such a relationship [e.g., 25, 26]. In a recent paper investigating the influence of emotions on cutaneous hypersensitivity, Zachariae et al [27]could only partly replicate previous findings by Laidlaw et al [26]concerning the influence of hypnotisability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Self-Hypnosis on Hay Fever Symptoms – A Randomised Controlled Intervention Study

Langewitz¹,

Izakovic²,

Wyler³

et al. 2005

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Many people suffer from hay fever symptoms. Hypnosis has proved to be a useful adjunct in the treatment of conditions where allergic phenomena have an important role. Methods: Randomised parallel group study over an observation period of two consecutive pollen seasons. Outcome data include nasal flow under hypnosis, pollinosis symptoms from diaries and retrospective assessments, restrictions in well-being and use of anti-allergic medication. We investigated 79 patients with a mean age of 34 years (range 19–54 years; 41 males), with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis to grass or birch pollen of at least 2 years duration and mild allergic asthma. The intervention consisted of teaching self-hypnosis during a mean of 2.4 sessions (SD 1.7; range 2–5 sessions) and continuation of standard anti-allergic pharmacological treatment. Results: Of 79 randomised patients, 66 completed one, and 52 completed two seasons. Retrospective VAS scores yielded significant improvements in year 1 in patients who had learned self-hypnosis: pollinosis symptoms –29.2 (VAS score, range 0–100; SD 25.4; p < 0.001), restriction of well-being –26.2 (VAS score, range 0–100; SD 28.7; p < 0.001. In year 2, the control group improved significantly having learned self-hypnosis as well: pollinosis symptoms –24.8 (SD 29.1; p < 0.001), restriction of well-being –23.7 (SD 30.0; p < 0.001). Daily self-reports of subjects who learnt self-hypnosis do not show a significant improvement. The hazard ratio of reaching a critical flow of 70% in nasal provocation tests was 0.333 (95% CI 0.157–0.741) after having learnt and applied self-hypnosis.

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EEG concomitants of hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility.

Cited by 117 publications

References 38 publications

The role of frontal executive functions in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility.

The role of frontal executive functions in hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility.

Plasticity changes in the brain in hypnosis and meditation

Effect of Self-Hypnosis on Hay Fever Symptoms – A Randomised Controlled Intervention Study

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