EEG correlates of subcortical optokinetic nystagmus

Gulyás, Szilvia; Pálvölgyi, László; Kamondi, Anita; Szirmai, Imre

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.10.020

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In line with most previous studies, we used a ‘stare’ paradigm. It has been suggested that ‘look’ OKN invokes more higher-level processing 51 52 although this could simply reflect the additional attention required to track a target 15 53 54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar contrast sensitivity functions measured using psychophysics and optokinetic nystagmus

Dakin

Turnbull

2016

Sci Rep

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Although the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is a particularly useful way of characterising functional vision, its measurement relies on observers making reliable perceptual reports. Such procedures can be challenging when testing children. Here we describe a system for measuring the CSF using an automated analysis of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN); an involuntary oscillatory eye movement made in response to drifting stimuli, here spatial-frequency (SF) band-pass noise. Quantifying the strength of OKN in the stimulus direction allows us to estimate contrast sensitivity across a range of SFs. We compared the CSFs of 30 observers with normal vision measured using both OKN and perceptual report. The approaches yield near-identical CSFs (mean R = 0.95) that capture subtle intra-observer variations in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (both R = 0.84, p < 0.0001). Trial-by-trial analysis reveals high correlation between OKN and perceptual report, a signature of a common neural mechanism for determining stimulus direction. We also observe conditions where OKN and report are significantly decorrelated as a result of a minority of observers experiencing direction-reversals that are not reflected by OKN. We conclude that there are a wide range of stimulus conditions for which OKN can provide a valid alternative means of measuring of the CSF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar contrast sensitivity functions measured using psychophysics and optokinetic nystagmus

Dakin

Turnbull

2016

Sci Rep

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“…The EEG was refined with ICA to subtract the nystagmus artefact Sejnowski, 1995, Makeig et al, 1995), and Surface Laplacian to reduce volume conduction Tenke, 2015, Tenke andKayser, 2005). In this way, it was also possible to demonstrate the activation of the visual cortex during OKS, (reflected by an alpha-amplitude decrease), as in previous OKS-EEG (Gulyás et al, 2007, Magnusson et al, 1985 and fMRI studies (Becker-Bense et al, 2006, Bense et al, 2001, Dieterich et al, 2003, Kikuchi et al, 2009. With the reliability of EEG confirmed, we proceeded to analyse the interactions between the visual and motor systems, their effect on nystagmus, and motor inhibitory effects produced by OKS.…”

Section: Eeg Reliability During Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In an OKS-fMRI study (Becker-Bense et al (2006), it was observed that apart from visual activation, OKS also down-regulated motor areas, similar to the effects seen in EEG studies with different visual stimuli (Brechet and Lecasble, 1965, Koshino and Niedermeyer, 1975, Pfurtscheller and Lopes da Silva, 1999). However, previous OKS-EEG studies did not assess anterior regions (Gulyas et al, 2007, Magnusson et al, 1985) hence it is unclear whether any inhibitory processes (alpha power increases) are observable at central and anterior locations during OKS. This absence of evidence may also be due to the problem of the unavoidable eye-movement artefacts in the EEG induced by OKN (Gulyás et al, 2007), which are stronger at anterior regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we implement steady activation of the visual system through optokinetic stimulation (OKS), which is then paired with simultaneous motor activation through dynamichandgrip exercise (Kluess et al, 2000) to interfere with that visual activation (Cross-Villasana et al, 2016). By itself, OKS has reliably induced visual-cortical activation in EEG (Gulyas et al, 2007, Magnusson et al, 1985) and fMRI studies (Becker-Bense et al, 2006, Bense et al, 2001, Dieterich et al, 2003, Kikuchi et al, 2009, Ruehl et al 2019). In the current study, OKS consists of a series of moving stripes presented on a screen, which induce a reflexive eye movement that repetitively tracks their motion (Ventre-Dominey and Luyat, 2008), called optokinetic nystagmus (OKN; Ilg, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between the visual and motor systems during optokinetic stimulation and simultaneous dynamic handgrip exercise: an EEG study

Villasana¹,

Dowsett

Mastropasqua

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Highlights• Motor activation can inhibit the visual system even during continuous visual stimulation.• Continual visual input produces sustained inhibitory influence on the motor system.• EEG can be reliably assessed during nystagmus. AbstractObjectives: Inhibitory interactions between the visual and motor systems have been observed during transient stimulation of either system. However, it is unknown how inhibition operates during simultaneous and continuous engagement of both systems. Methods: We presented right-handed participants (n = 14) with optokinetic stimulation (OKS), with and without a simultaneous dynamic handgrip exercise. We assessed the EEG upper-alpha band (10-12 Hz) to investigate inhibitory interactions, and explored their effect on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). Results: OKS + handgrip simultaneously produced motor activation and visual inhibition, compared to OKS alone. Meanwhile, the velocity of OKN increased, selectively during left handgrips. OKS without handgrip produced simultaneous visual activation and motor inhibition compared to an open-eyes baseline. The open-eyes baseline itself increased motor peak-frequency towards the inhibitory upper-alpha range compared to closed eyes. Conclusions: Motor activation inhibited the visual system even during visual stimulation. This inhibition likely disrupted visual processing, triggering an OKN speed-up to relocate the OKS. Increasing visual input produces increasing motor inhibition. Significance: These observations extend previous results in standard settings and confirm the reliability of EEG in conditions involving nystagmus, important in clinical vestibular research. Visual inhibition through handgrip could be a candidate for developing rehabilitation from visually induced dizziness.

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“…the temporo-occipital cortex -especially the middle temporal area and medial superior temporal areas -and the frontal areas [Ilg, 2008]. Parieto-occipital activation was shown by Gulyás et al [2007] during continuous OKN using electroencephalography (EEG). In addition, the basal ganglia, as well as brain stem and cerebellar areas appear to be part of this complex sensorimotor network [Bucher et al, 1997;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuromagnetic Cortical Activation during Initiation of Optokinetic Nystagmus: An MEG Pilot Study

Beisteiner¹,

Elwischger²,

Auff³

et al. 2015

Audiol Neurotol

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Purpose: To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of cortical activation during the initiation of optokinetic nystagmus using magnetoencephalography. Background: Previous imaging studies of optokinetic nystagmus in humans using positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging discovered activation of a large set of cortical and subcortical structures during steady-state optokinetic stimulation, but did not provide information on the temporal dynamics of the initial response. Imaging studies have shown that cortical areas responsible for vision in occipital and temporo-occipital areas are involved, i.e. cortical areas control optokinetic stimulation in humans. Magnetoencephalography provides measures that reflect neural ensemble activity in the millisecond time scale, allowing the identification of early cortical components of visuomotor integration. Design/Methods: We studied neuromagnetic cortical responses during the initiation of optokinetic nystagmus in 6 right-handed healthy subjects. Neuromagnetic activity was recorded with a whole-head magnetoencephalograph, consisting of 143 planar gradiometers. Results: The mean (±SD) latency between stimulus onset and initiation of optokinetic nystagmus was 177.7 ± 59 ms. Initiation of optokinetic nystagmus evoked an early component in the primary visual cortex starting at 40-90 ms prior to the onset of the slow phase of nystagmus. Almost simultaneously an overlapping second component occurred bilaterally in the temporo-occipital area (visual motion areas), pronounced in the right hemisphere, starting at 10-60 ms prior to the slow-phase onset. Both components showed long-duration activity lasting for up to 100 ms after slow-phase onset. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the initiation of optokinetic nystagmus induces early cortical activation in the occipital cortex and almost simultaneously bilaterally in the temporo-occipital cortex. These cortical regions might represent essential areas for the monitoring of retinal slip.

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EEG correlates of subcortical optokinetic nystagmus

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Similar contrast sensitivity functions measured using psychophysics and optokinetic nystagmus

Similar contrast sensitivity functions measured using psychophysics and optokinetic nystagmus

Interactions between the visual and motor systems during optokinetic stimulation and simultaneous dynamic handgrip exercise: an EEG study

Neuromagnetic Cortical Activation during Initiation of Optokinetic Nystagmus: An MEG Pilot Study

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