EEG Microstates as Markers for Cognitive Impairments in Fragile X Syndrome

Takarae, Yukari; Zanesco, Anthony; Erickson, Craig A.; Pedapati, Ernest V.

doi:10.1007/s10548-023-01009-z

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…There have been numerous recent studies, in human and rodent models of FXS, identifying EEG biomarkers [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. To our knowledge, our study was the first published work conducting 24 h polysomnography recordings in Fmr1 KO mice [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice

Westmark,

Swietlik,

Runde

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Sleep problems are a significant phenotype in children with fragile X syndrome. Our prior work assessed sleep–wake cycles in Fmr1KO male mice and wild type (WT) littermate controls in response to ketogenic diet therapy where mice were treated from weaning (postnatal day 18) through study completion (5–6 months of age). A potentially confounding issue with commencing treatment during an active period of growth is the significant reduction in weight gain in response to the ketogenic diet. The aim here was to employ sleep electroencephalography (EEG) to assess sleep–wake cycles in mice in response to the Fmr1 genotype and a ketogenic diet, with treatment starting at postnatal day 95. EEG results were compared with prior sleep outcomes to determine if the later intervention was efficacious, as well as with published rest-activity patterns to determine if actigraphy is a viable surrogate for sleep EEG. The data replicated findings that Fmr1KO mice exhibit sleep–wake patterns similar to wild type littermates during the dark cycle when maintained on a control purified-ingredient diet but revealed a genotype-specific difference during hours 4–6 of the light cycle of the increased wake (decreased sleep and NREM) state in Fmr1KO mice. Treatment with a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet increased the percentage of NREM sleep in both wild type and Fmr1KO mice during the dark cycle. Differences in sleep microstructure (length of wake bouts) supported the altered sleep states in response to ketogenic diet. Commencing ketogenic diet treatment in adulthood resulted in a 15% (WT) and 8.6% (Fmr1KO) decrease in body weight after 28 days of treatment, but not the severe reduction in body weight associated with starting treatment at weaning. We conclude that the lack of evidence for improved sleep during the light cycle (mouse sleep time) in Fmr1KO mice in response to ketogenic diet therapy in two studies suggests that ketogenic diet may not be beneficial in treating sleep problems associated with fragile X and that actigraphy is not a reliable surrogate for sleep EEG in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice

Westmark,

Swietlik,

Runde

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…Interestingly, significant microstate changes were also found pre-and post-interview for both groups, indicating changes in microstate parameters due to the pre-rest state condition. (Takarae et al 2023) examined EEG microstates in 70 patients with Fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder that causes mild to severe intellectual disabilities, and compared them with 70 healthy controls. They reported an increased presence of microstates C and D in the patient group, which was more pronounced in males.…”

Section: Microstates and Consciousnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State of EEG/ERP Microstate Research

Michel,

Brechet,

Schiller

et al. 2024

Brain Topogr

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The analysis of EEG microstates for investigating rapid whole-brain network dynamics during rest and tasks has become a standard practice in the EEG research community, leading to a substantial increase in publications across various affective, cognitive, social and clinical neuroscience domains. Recognizing the growing significance of this analytical method, the authors aim to provide the microstate research community with a comprehensive discussion on methodological standards, unresolved questions, and the functional relevance of EEG microstates. In August 2022, a conference was hosted in Bern, Switzerland, which brought together many researchers from 19 countries. During the conference, researchers gave scientific presentations and engaged in roundtable discussions aiming at establishing steps toward standardizing EEG microstate analysis methods. Encouraged by the conference’s success, a special issue was launched in Brain Topography to compile the current state-of-the-art in EEG microstate research, encompassing methodological advancements, experimental findings, and clinical applications. The call for submissions for the special issue garnered 48 contributions from researchers worldwide, spanning reviews, meta-analyses, tutorials, and experimental studies. Following a rigorous peer-review process, 33 papers were accepted whose findings we will comprehensively discuss in this Editorial.

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Similarities and differences between chronic primary pain and depression in brain activities: Evidence from resting-state microstates and auditory Oddball task

You,

Yang,

et al. 2025

Behavioural Brain Research

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EEG Microstates as Markers for Cognitive Impairments in Fragile X Syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 80 publications

Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice

Adult Inception of Ketogenic Diet Therapy Increases Sleep during the Dark Cycle in C57BL/6J Wild Type and Fragile X Mice

Current State of EEG/ERP Microstate Research

Similarities and differences between chronic primary pain and depression in brain activities: Evidence from resting-state microstates and auditory Oddball task

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