Eelgrass (Zostera marina) tolerance to anoxia

Pulido, Cristina; Borum, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.01.014

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Very rapid diffusion of oxygen is measured in seagrasses, in the order of 1 cm min −1 , and is likely to be as fast for the sulfide gas . Sulfide may also exit the plant, e.g., through the meristem, where rapid gas exchange with the water column has been measured (Greve et al, 2003;Pulido and Borum, 2010;Raun and Borum, 2013). So far gaseous sulfide has not been detected in the leaves (Pedersen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Syringodium Filiformementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if both detoxification capacities are exceeded and sulfide intrudes into active tissues such as the meristem, then the performance of the seagrasses is negatively affected (Borum et al, 2005;Garcias-Bonet et al, 2008;Pulido and Borum, 2010;Korhonen et al, 2012). Negative effects of sedimentary sulfide can thus be expected when the reoxidation capacity of the plants is inhibited by environmental or biological stress.…”

Section: Relationships Between Environmental and Biological Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Holmer

Hasler-Sheetal

2014

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses, as assessed by stable sulfur isotope signals, is widespread in all climate zones, where seagrasses are growing. Seagrasses can incorporate substantial amounts of 34 S-depleted sulfide into their tissues with up to 87% of the total sulfur in leaves derived from sedimentary sulfide. Correlations between 34 δ S in leaves, rhizomes, and roots show that sedimentary sulfide is entering through the roots, either in the form of sulfide or sulfate, and translocated to the rhizomes and the leaves. The total sulfur content of the seagrasses increases as the proportion of sedimentary sulfide in the plant increases, and accumulation of elemental sulfur (S 0 ) inside the plant with 34 δ S values similar to the sedimentary sulfide suggests that S 0 is an important reoxidation product of the sedimentary sulfide. The accumulation of S 0 can, however, not account for the increase in sulfur in the tissue, and other sulfur containing compounds such as thiols, organic sulfur, and sulfate contribute to the accumulated sulfur pool. Experimental studies with seagrasses exposed to environmental and biological stressors show decreasing 34 δ S in the tissues along with reduction in growth parameters, suggesting that sulfide intrusion can affect seagrass performance.

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Section: Syringodium Filiformementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationships Between Environmental and Biological Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Holmer

Hasler-Sheetal

2014

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Test significance is indicated by H, degree of freedom (subscript) and the P value (ns P [ 0.05, * P \ 0.05). Means with the same letter do not differ significantly at 95 % CI Aquat Ecol (2012) 46:283-295 291 shown that L. dortmanna can tolerate short periods of tissue anoxia (Møller and Sand-Jensen 2011), longer periods of tissue hypoxia or anoxia reduce vascular translocation (Sorrell 2004), photosynthetic efficiency (Pulido and Borum 2010) and plant growth (Møller and Sand-Jensen 2011) and can even result in mortality of aquatic macrophytes (Sand-Jensen et al 2005a;Raun et al 2010). Leaf lacunae of L. dortmanna experienced anoxia for long periods in organically enriched sediments at approximately 15°C and a plant density of c. 1,000 plants m -2 (Møller and Sand-Jensen 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing sediment mineralization leads to higher sediment O 2 demand and results in reduced conditions. Although isoetids can resist short periods of tissue anoxia (Møller and Sand-Jensen 2011), long periods of tissue hypoxia and/or anoxia may decrease vascular translocation (Sorrell 2004), photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth (Pulido and Borum 2010) and can even cause mortality of sensitive aquatic macrophytes (SandJensen et al 2005a;Raun et al 2010). Moreover, under reduced conditions, SO 4 2-is converted to sulfide which is known to be highly phytotoxic (Koch and Mendelssohn 1989;Goodman et al 1995;Holmer and Bondgaard 2001;Geurts et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, elevated sediment mineralization can also benefit the isoetid vegetation if the plants are able to maintain the rhizosphere oxidized (Pulido and Borum 2010;Pulido et al 2011). Isoetids have a high radial O 2 loss across the entire root system (SandJensen et al 1982;Pedersen et al 1995), and as a result, the rhizosphere is often permanently oxic, and problems with reduced phytotoxins are thus prevented (Holmer et al 1998;Pedersen et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated alkalinity and sulfate adversely affect the aquatic macrophyte Lobelia dortmanna

et al. 2012

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The increase in alkalinity and SO 4 2-in softwater lakes can negatively affect pristine isoetid population because the increase in alkalinity and SO 4 2-can stimulate sediment mineralization and consequently cause anoxia. The consequences of increased sediment mineralization depend on the ability of isoetids such as Lobelia dortmanna to oxidize the rhizosphere via radial O 2 loss. To study how alkalinity and SO 4 2-affect the isoetid L. dortmanna, and if negative effects could be alleviated by neighboring plants, three densities of L. dortmanna (''Low'' = 64 plants m -2 , ''Medium'' = 256 plants m -2 and ''High'' = 1,024 plants m -2 ) were exposed to elevated alkalinity in the water column, or a combination of both elevated alkalinity and SO 4 2-, and compared to a control situation. The combination of SO 4 2-and alkalinity significantly increased mortality, lowered areal biomass and reduced actual photosynthetic efficiency. Plant density did not significantly alleviate the negative effects caused by SO 4 2-and alkalinity. However, actual photosynthetic efficiency was significantly positively correlated to redox potential in the sediment, indicating a positive relationship between plant performance and sediment oxidation. The negative effects on L. dortmanna were probably caused by long periods of tissue anoxia by itself or in combination with H 2 S intrusion. Therefore, increase in both SO 4 2-and alkalinity surface water can dramatically affect L. dortmanna populations, causing reduction or even disappearance of this icon species.

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Distribution, structure and function of Nordic eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems: implications for coastal management and conservation

Boström

Baden

Bockelmann

et al. 2014

Aquatic Conservation

175

181

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This paper focuses on the marine foundation eelgrass species, Zostera marina, along a gradient from the northern Baltic Sea to the north-east Atlantic. This vast region supports a minimum of 1480 km2 eelgrass (maximum >2100 km2), which corresponds to more than four times the previously quantified area of eelgrass in Western Europe.Eelgrass meadows in the low salinity Baltic Sea support the highest diversity (4–6 spp.) of angiosperms overall, but eelgrass productivity is low (<2 g dw m-2 d-1) and meadows are isolated and genetically impoverished. Higher salinity areas support monospecific meadows, with higher productivity (3–10 g dw m-2 d-1) and greater genetic connectivity. The salinity gradient further imposes functional differences in biodiversity and food webs, in particular a decline in number, but increase in biomass of mesograzers in the Baltic.Significant declines in eelgrass depth limits and areal cover are documented, particularly in regions experiencing high human pressure. The failure of eelgrass to re-establish itself in affected areas, despite nutrient reductions and improved water quality, signals complex recovery trajectories and calls for much greater conservation effort to protect existing meadows.The knowledge base for Nordic eelgrass meadows is broad and sufficient to establish monitoring objectives across nine national borders. Nevertheless, ensuring awareness of their vulnerability remains challenging. Given the areal extent of Nordic eelgrass systems and the ecosystem services they provide, it is crucial to further develop incentives for protecting them. © 2014 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Eelgrass (Zostera marina) tolerance to anoxia

Cited by 55 publications

References 32 publications

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Elevated alkalinity and sulfate adversely affect the aquatic macrophyte Lobelia dortmanna

Distribution, structure and function of Nordic eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems: implications for coastal management and conservation

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