Efectividad del ejercicio físico como intervención coadyuvante en las adicciones: una revisión

Abstract

Resumen AbstractGiven the benefits that exercise brings to physical and mental health, several authors have investigated its effectiveness as a treatment for various pathologies such as addictive disorders. The aim of this paper is to review the literature regarding the effectiveness of exercise as a complementary intervention for treatment of psychoactive substance dependence. To achieve this aim, a bibliographic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, TESEO and TDX. Those articles which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise on craving, withdrawal symptoms and abstinence rates were selected. Regarding nicotine dependence, those studies which evaluated the effectiveness of exercise for reducing weight gain after quitting smoking were also chosen. Seventeen articles met the selection criteria. The usefulness of exercise as a complementary strategy along with habitual therapeutic treatments for psychoactive substance dependence seems to be demonstrated, especially in nicotine dependence for the following variables: achieving or maintaining abstinence, and reducing craving or withdrawal symptoms. Further studies are nevertheless required, especially on illegal psychoactive substance dependence to be able to achieve conclusive results. We must also equally note that this kind of intervention is widely accepted by the drug using community, fact that would make of it a particularly useful tool in treating people with addictive disorders.Key Words: Exercise, physical activity, intervention, substance dependence, treatmentDados los beneficios que aporta el ejercicio físico sobre la salud física y mental, varios autores han explorado la efectividad del mismo como tratamiento en diversas patologías, entre ellas los trastornos adictivos. El objetivo de este artículo fue revisar la literatura existente sobre la efectividad del ejercicio físico como intervención coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas. Para conseguir dicho objetivo se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, TESEO y TDX. Se seleccionaron aquellos artículos que evaluaban la efectividad del ejercicio físico sobre el craving, la sintomatología de abstinencia, el mantenimiento de la abstinencia y en el caso de la dependencia de nicotina también aquellos que evaluaban el efecto del ejercicio sobre el aumento de peso al dejar de fumar. Diecisiete artículos cumplieron los criterios de selección. La utilidad del ejercicio físico como estrategia coadyuvante en los tratamientos habituales para la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas parece demostrada, tanto para favorecer la reducción del consumo como para facilitar la disminución del craving y la sintomatología de abstinencia, especialmente en el caso de la dependencia de nicotina. Sin embargo, especialmente en el caso de la dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas ilegales, son necesarios más estudios para llegar a resultados...

The Benefits of Physical Exercise on Mental Disorders and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorders Patients. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In recent years, some review studies have been published trying to identify the benefits of physical exercise in participants who met the criteria for alcohol use disorders (AUD) or other substances use disorders [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] at different levels. Some meta-analysis have also been carried out with the same objective, focusing on SUD patients [39] and AUD patients [34].…”

A Influência Do Exercício Físico De Caminhada No Controle Da Depressão De Indivíduos Dependentes Do Tabaco

“…A influência do exercício físico de caminhada no controle da depressão prática de exercícios é recomendada como suporte para a cessação do tabagismo, principalmente pelo ganho de peso e pelo medo de engordar após a interrupção do uso. Segundo Núria et al (21) , tendo em vista a eficácia provada de tratamentos com substitutos da nicotina e redução de peso quando Os benefícios da caminhada apresentam ainda benefícios de ordem psicológica que prendem com a melhoria dos estudos de humor: redução da tensão, depressão, raiva e confusão, acréscimo da vitalidade, vigor e clareza (22) .…”

Physical Activity Programmes in the Treatment of Addictions: A Systematic Review

“…Drug dependencies are complex disorders that affect different aspects of the lives of people who suffer from them, such as their general health, family and social relationships, school or work activity, leisure habits, personal hygiene behaviours, economic situation, etc., which causes associated problems and consequences in the affected people and their environment [2]. Considering the benefits of physical activity on physical and mental health, several authors have explored its effectiveness as a treatment for different pathologies, including addictive disorders [3]. Addiction is a disease with multiple relapses, but they can be prevented.…”

“…Siñol et al [3] asserted that physical activity is a type of intervention that has been well-accepted by the addict population, which makes it an especially useful tool in people who are under treatment for an addictive disorder. The aim of this work was to obtain information based on published studies to help to understand the determining link between physical activity programmes and addiction treatment.…”