Efecto de la aplicación de riego controlado en la producción y calidad del fruto de Pyrus communis L., cv. Triunfo de Viena

Abstract

En Colombia, las áreas de siembra en pera (<em>Pyrus communis</em> L.) han incrementado en los últimos años, debido a las ventajas nutricionales y medicinales que presenta el consumo de esta fruta. En el estudio se evaluó el efecto de la reducción de riego durante la etapa de crecimiento rápido del fruto en la producción y calidad del cultivar Triunfo de Viena de pera, con el fin de implementar estrategias para una mayor efi-ciencia de la utilización de agua durante los periodos fenológicos del cultivo. La investigación se realizó en 2012 y 2013 en árboles de pera de 16 años de edad en el municipio de Sesquilé, Cundinamarca (Colom-bia) aplicando tres tratamientos de riego: (1) control (T1) = aplicación de riego equivalente al 100% de la (evaporación del cultivo) (ETc) durante todo el ciclo de producción, (T2) = aplicación de riego equivalente a 73% de la ETc durante el periodo de crecimiento rápido del fruto, y (T3) = aplicación de riego equivalente a 53% de la ETc durante el mismo periodo T2. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento y los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza (Anova) y prueba de comparación de medias de Duncan (P < 0.05). La reducción de riego equivalente a 53% de la ETc en época de sequía no afecto la producción ni la calidad del fruto, lo que permitió un ahorro de 47% de agua en esta etapa de crecimiento del fruto cuando se requiere aplicación de riego.

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) on the Growth and Development of Pear Fruit (Pyrus communis L.), var. Triunfo de Viena

“…The registered minimum Ψs values corresponded to −0.78 and −0.80 MPa in 2014, with the application of 74 and 60% ETc, and −0.96 and −0.99 MPa in 2015, with the application of 60 and 27% of the ETc. These values of Ψs found at noon are considered typical for fruit trees with these characteristics, and they were similar to what was obtained in pear [31] during the phase of rapid growth of the fruit (which was also the case in this study). This also confirmed, for the 'Triunfo de Viena' pear, the existence of a separation between vegetative and fruit growth, which occurs after the end of shoot growth, similar to what was found by Chalmers et al [37] in peach and pear.…”

“…For the treatments with RDI, production and distribution measured by calibers for the two years of evaluation were similar to those found for the treatments with the application of 100% of the ETc. This confirmed the results obtained in citrus [12,13] and pear [17,31,36], where the period in which the deficit was imposed was not very sensitive to water stress. However, there were significant differences in the number of fruits between years, which occurred in category I with 48% ETc and in category III with all treatments.…”

“…As the treatments progressed, the equatorial diameter in the control treatment was greater than in the treatments with RDI for the two years; however, after the resumption of irrigation, the fruits from plants with an application of 60% of the ETc had a compensatory growth and reached the equatorial diameter of the fruits of the control treatment, similar to what was found by Vélez et al [35]. The equatorial diameters measured in 2014 at 154 DAF (7.69, 8.32 and 7.69 cm) were greater than those found in two other studies on pears, with 7.07, 6.93 and 6.83 cm [29] and 6.65, 6.16 and 6.17 cm [31]. Meanwhile, the values found in the present work in 2015 at 186 DAF (7.53, 7.34 and 7.50 cm) were lower when the plants were irrigated with 100, 48 and 27% of the ETc, respectively, which can be attributed to the higher median maximum temperatures in 2014 (21 • C) compared to those of 2015 ( 16• C), and to the higher rainfall (233.44 mm in 2015, 465.4 mm in 2014).…”

“…It was observed that, at the beginning of the water restriction, the fruit growth decreased slightly; however, when irrigation was restored to normal levels, or when rain fell, the growth recovered and the fruits reached the development of those of the control treatment, having accumulated dry weight in a similar way during the periods of water stress. This dry weight gain seems to be available to facilitate the compensatory growth of the fruit after the resumption of irrigation [28][29][30][31][32]. Table 1 shows that, in 2014, the application of 60% of ETc induced the highest percentage of dry weight in fruits, although without statistically significant differences.…”

Calibración de dos sensores capacitivos de humedad en un Ultisol

“…Likewise, the lack of water for several uses forces the search for alternatives that can contribute to its adequate management. Agriculture is a production sectors that consumes around 70% of the water in the world [1]. Most of this water is used in irrigated crops, and its improper use is causing great economic losses for farmers.…”