Efecto de plantaciones de pino en la artropofauna del suelo de un bosque Altoandino

Abstract

Effect of pine plantations on soil arthropods in a high Andean forest. One of the most common problems in the Colombian mountains has been the replacement of native vegetation by pine plantations. Soil arthropods are a fundamental component of forest ecosystem, since they participate in the organic matter fragmentation, previous to decomposition. This role is more valuable in high altitude environments, where low temperatures limit the dynamics of biological processes, where the effects of pine plantations on soil arthropods are still not well-known. In a remnant of high-andean forest (Neusa -Colombia) and a pine plantation of about 50 years-old, it was evaluated the composition, richness and abundance of arthropods at surface (S), organic horizon (O) and mineral horizon (A) of soil, to establish the differences associated to the soil use transformation. It was used "Pitfall" sampling to register the movement of the epigeous fauna, and extraction by funnel Berlese for determining the fauna density from O and A horizons. The Shannon and Simpson indexes estimated the diversity at different places and horizons, and the trophic structure of the community was evaluated. Overall, there were collected 38 306 individuals from forest and 17 386 individuals from pine plantation, mainly distributed in Collembola (42.4%), Acari (27%), Diptera (17.6%) and Coleoptera (4.6%). The most important differences were given in the surface, where the mobilization in forest (86 individuals/day) almost triplicates the one in pine plantation (33 individuals/ day). The differences in composition were given in Collembola, Araneae, Hemiptera, Homoptera and Hymenoptera. The dynamics of richness and abundance along the year had significant high values in the native forest than in the pine plantation. The general trophic structure was dominated by saprophagous (75%), followed by predators (14%) and phytophagous (9%), but in two layers of the pine plantation soil (S and O) this structural pattern was not given. Based on the results, it was concluded that pine plantations affect the diversity, composition, community dynamic and trophic structure of soil arthropods. Also, some estimators of soil stability give signals that these effects are reducing the ecosystem function in the region. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1031-1048. Epub 2010 September 01.

Soil macrofauna in areas with different ages after Pinus patula clearcutting

“…Species richness and Shannon index were significantly higher in the forest than in the other sites (K-W, H = 28.3; P < 0.00001; n = 48; K-W, H = 32.4; P < 0.00001; n = 48, respectively). These results agree with other studies in Colombia [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. In contrast, Pielou's index (P) did not show any significant differences between areas with several post clearcutting ages (K-W, H = 6.35; P = 0.09; n = 48), but it was higher and less variable in the forest than the other sites (Table 3).…”

“…In Colombia, studies have investigated the macrofauna composition of Andean forests, exotic tree species plantations, and agricultural lands, revealing a higher soil macrofauna diversity in Andean forests compared to both conifer plantations and agricultural areas [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. However, there are no studies investigating macrofauna succession processes nor the relationships between macrofauna and physico-chemical variables in areas after clearcutting of P. patula.…”

Diversidad de las comunidades de escamados en la Reserva Natural del Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina

“…Lo mismo se observó en estudios realizados con mamíferos y aves donde diversas especies tienen como ambientes exclusivos los pastizales de esta región (Stattersfield et al, 1998;Giraudo, 2001;Demaría et al, 2003;Giraudo et al, 2003;Bilenca y Miñarro, 2004;Giraudo y Di Giacomo, 2007;Di Giacomo et al, 2007). Por lo tanto, la sustitución de los mismos, produciría la extinción de la fauna que los habita y la supresión de los servicios ecosistémicos que ofrecen a la sociedad (Costanza et al, 1997;Balvanera et al, 2006;Baldi et al, 2008;León-Gamboa et al, 2010).…”

Invasiones en montañas: ¿Cuánto hemos avanzado en los últimos 10 años y cuáles son los desafíos para los ecosistemas de los Andes?

“…Otros tipos de impactos que han sido documentados son los impactos sobre la riqueza de aves en ecosistemas andinos colombianos invadidos por U. europaeus, donde la dominancia de esta especie reduce la riqueza de especies de arbustos nativos que sirven de alimentos para las especies de aves nativas Turdus fuscater y Colaptes rivolii (Amaya-Villarreal & Renjifo 2010). Finalmente, en estos mismos ecosistemas se ha determinado que la presencia de plantaciones exóticas del género Pinus ha generado un impacto significativo sobre la riqueza y abundancia de especies de artrópodos, disminuyendo las tasas de descomposición de hojarasca y reducción de la materia orgánica de estos ecosistemas (León-Gamboa et al 2010).…”