Efecto de una intervención educativa para cuidadores familiares de personas con cáncer en cirugía

Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa en cuidadores familiares de adultos con cáncer que se encuentran en postoperatorio de cirugía oncológica, para fortalecer la competencia de cuidado en el hogar y disminuir la sobrecarga. Método: Se trata de un abordaje cuantitativo cuasi-experimental con grupo de intervención y grupo control; se incluyeron 290 cuidadores familiares de pacientes intervenidos por cirugía, se aplicó la intervención educativa desde el ingreso hasta seis semanas después del egreso, se realizó medición antes y después de la competencia para el cuidado en el hogar y de la sobrecarga de cuidado. Resultados: En el grupo intervenido se obtuvo impacto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en la competencia para el cuidado en el hogar y disminución de sobrecarga. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa es una estrategia que aumenta la competencia para cuidar en el hogar, y disminuye la sobrecarga en cuidadores de personas con cáncer sometidos a cirugía. Objective. To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on family caregivers of adults with cancer who are in the postoperative period of oncological surgery, to strengthen the competence of home care and reduce overload. Method. This was a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with intervention group and control group; 290 family caregivers of patients undergoing surgery were included, educational intervention was applied from admission to six weeks after discharge, measurement was made before and after competence for home care and care overload. Results. In the group intervened, a positive and statistically significant impact was obtained in the competence for home care and decreased overload. Conclusions. The educational intervention is a strategy that increases skills for care at home, and reduces the burden on caregivers of people with cancer undergoing surgery.

Self-Management Program in Adults with Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study

“…It should be noted that the aim was to consolidate a comprehensive strategy that would be easy to apply and feasible to replicate in local health services, where the postoperative follow-up scheme is limited. This coincides with what Carrillo et al stated when they affirmed that the educational intervention carried out by nursing personnel with caregivers of adults with cancer undergoing coordinated surgery, which includes assessment upon admission to the institution, delivery of educational material, face-toface instruction and specific information, demonstrative workshop, and telephone follow-up, increases home care competence in its six dimensions and decreases caregiver overload (23). However, online intervention studies (24) should be designed to provide a feasible and effective alternative to in-person support, with diversity in social and cultural aspects.…”

Interventions to Reduce Caregiver Burden Among Caregivers of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients: A Scoping Review

“…Based on the review findings, the educational interventional program was reported to be successful in reducing the care burden among caregivers of CKD patients (Alnazly, 2018; Maslakpak et al, 2019; Mollaoğlu et al, 2013). Similarly, the results are consistent with other chronic illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, mental illness, cancer, and heart failure as the caregivers were reported to have reduced care burden after being exposed to educational programs (Ali Desouki et al, 2019; Carrillo et al, 2020; Etemadifar et al, 2014; Farahani et al, 2021; Hsu et al, 2017; Navidian et al, 2012; Sadeghmoghadam et al, 2020; Tanrıverdi & Ekinci, 2012; Tawfik et al, 2021). In contrast, past studies conducted by Liljeroos et al (2017) and Rodríguez-Gonzalo et al (2015) amongst the caregivers of patients with heart failure and hospitalized dependent patients, respectively, revealed that educational intervention was not statistically significant in decreasing care burden.…”

Discharge Planning Carried Out by Nurses to Increase Caregivers' Competence: A Clinical Trial

“…The data from this study showed that the most significant increases in the care competence occurred after the guidelines and training provided in the hospital environment and at the end of followup in the Intervention Group. It is known that the educational strategies aimed at instrumentalizing informal caregivers described in the literature were successful 4,[7][8]12,21 . However, the results of this clinical trial, supported by data from the pilot study 5 , reinforce that providing health guidelines only in the hospital without proper monitoring at home is not sufficient to sustain the caregivers' competence after discharge.…”

“…Another aspect that exerted a positive impact on performance of the competencies and which showed statistical significance consists of the caregivers' previous experience with tasks related to care, contrasting with the results found in the pilot study 5 . In general, the existing studies fail to address the caregivers' previous experience with care and are limited to time as a caregiver and to the hours devoted to caregiving 7,13,23,24,25 . These results suggest that, over time and/or because they have already experienced successes and mistakes in daily care, informal caregivers acquired the necessary skills to manage home-based care.…”

“…Competence is defined as the individual's capacity, skill and preparedness to perform tasks related to home-based care, coupled with the ability to make decisions to anticipate health-related risk situations 7 . Consequently, competence in home-based care becomes the focal point in care continuity after hospital discharge.…”