Efectos de la supresión de pensamientos neutros y pensamientos intrusos análogos a las obsesiones en sujetos normales

Abstract

Palabras clave: Pensamientos intrusos, supresión del pensamiento, trastorno obsesivocompulsivo, obsesiones. Effects of suppressing neutral and obsession-like thoughts in normal subjectsRecent cognitive-behavioral theories on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show that delibérate attempts to suppress intrusive and undesirable thoughts lie at the genesis of clinical obsessions. In this paper the results of an experimental study on the suppression of neutral and obsession-like thoughts in normal subjects are presented. Thirty-eight university students performed in three experimental periods: 1) base-Une monitoring, 2) experimental instruction, and 3) monitoring. For each of these periods, the frequency of the occurrence of a «white bear» thought or a personally relevant intrusive thought was registered. Half of the subjects received instructions to suppress the target-thought in period 2, and the other half were instructed to only monitor the target-thought in each of the experimental periods. The results show that none of the experimental groups increased the frequency of their target-thought in relation to the base-line. However, the between-groups comparisons revealed that the suppress/intrusive group registered more intrusions in period 3 than the non-suppress/intrusive group. These data suggest the existence of a rebound effect for intrusive thoughts, whereas this effect was not observed when using neutral thoughts.

Personality and Nomophobia: The Role of Dysfunctional Obsessive Beliefs

“…Dysfunctional obsessive beliefs were assessed using a global measure of its two main dimensions: perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty and excessive responsibility and importance of controlling thoughts. It was measured through the Inventory of Obsessive Beliefs (ICO) [35], with a scale of 24 items, with response options that ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). The perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty dimension consisted of 14 items.…”

“…So, dysfunctional beliefs reflect an association between specific cues and catastrophic consequences or states [34]. In fact, psychopathology may underpin certain cognitive variables, such as the type of beliefs and/or specific interpretations that each person holds about their intrusive thoughts [35].…”

Influencia del estado de ánimo sobre la supresión de imágenes

“…Las últimas revisiones publicadas de estudios experimentales sobre la supresión de pensamientos (p.ej., Abramowitz, Tolin y Street, 2001;Purdon, 1999;Purdon y Clark, 2000;Rassin, Merckelbach y Muris, 2000), así como los trabajos experimentales que siguen apareciendo sobre este tema (p.ej., Belloch y Morillo, 2002;Belloch, Morillo y Jiménez, 2004;Purdon, 2004) coinciden en señalar las inconsistencias de resultados obtenidas por los diferentes trabajos. Mientras que unos encuentran únicamente efecto inmediato, otros encuentran efecto rebote, y otros no encuentran ningún efecto.…”

“…Desde este punto de vista, con el que estamos de acuerdo, el elemento fundamental de investigación es averiguar qué efectos produce, en personas normales, la supresión de los PI. La mayor parte de los estudios dentro de este ámbito (Belloch y Morillo, 2002;Janeck y Calamari, 1999;McNally y Ricciardi, 1996;Purdon y Clark, 2001;Rutledge, 1998;Salkovskis y Campbell, 1994;Trinder y Salkovskis, 1994), coinciden en concluir que los intentos activos para suprimir PI provocan, en una peque-ña proporción de sujetos, un efecto rebote (aumento demorado) de esos PI, y en la mayoría de los casos, una ausencia de habituación a los mismos que no se produce cuando los individuos no se involucran en intentos activos de supresión .…”