Efectos de los ejercicios pliométricos en pacientes postoperatorio de rotura del tendón calcáneo

Abstract

De la ruptura del tendón Aquileo se tiene conocimiento desde la antigua Grecia, la cual ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, por ende, se busca implementar mejores herramientas para el tratamiento de la misma, siendo una de ellas los ejercicios pliométricos. Estudios tipo meta-análisis, ensayos controlados aleatorizados y experimentales observaron que la aplicación de ejercicios pliométricos en la mayoría de los participantes mejoraba la calidad del tendón, aumentando elasticidad y disminuyendo su rigidez (p<0.01) en 14 estudios y en los 3 estudios restantes, no mejoraba la estructura del tendón, sin embargo, mejoraba la sintomatología y funcionalidad del mismo en estudios tardíos (p<0.01). La aplicación de ejercicios pliométricos es una herramienta adicional para tratar a los sujetos sometidos a una operación de ruptura de tendón Aquileo, el cual debe ser aplicado en estadios finales en rehabilitación, mejorando la rigidez del tejido, aumentando la funcionalidad y disminuyendo el dolor crónico.

Jumps and Plyometric Exercises in the Return to Play After Sports Injuries

“…[1][2][3] Jumps and Plyometric Exercise (JPE) represent a fundamental means for the development of power and explosive strength in the field of sports training, 4 but have also been used in Return to Play (RTP) programs after sports injuries. 5,6…”

“…20,21 This stage includes a combination of rehabilitation exercises with exercises that the athlete performs regularly in training and competition, such as jumping and plyometrics exercises, but with modifications according to the injured structure, 19,20,22 so JPE are frequently included in sports readaptation and return to maximum performance stage. 5,6,20,22 The implementation of JPE in RTP programs represents a transition phase between conventional rehabilitation and sports training, which favors a progressive integration into sports activities, which mitigates the risk of reinjury and favors reaching sports performance levels similar to before the injury 20,22 ; the absence of the readaptation stage and its components can generate a gap between initial medical rehabilitation and postinjury sports physical conditioning, delaying the return to play. 19,20,22,23…”

Effectiveness of Exercises Plyometrics in the Treatment of Post-Muscle-Tendon Injuries in Under-17 Category Footballers

“…It is important to note that more than half of these injuries, specifically 56 of them, were the result of direct contact between players, of these 56 direct contact injuries, these injuries were observed in various areas of the players' body, with the most common location being the ankle, followed by problems in the Achilles tendon and injuries in the thigh (2) Muscle tendon injuries, ranging from muscle strains to tendonitis, represent a major obstacle in the career of any athlete, regardless of age or level of competition. These injuries fall into the category of overuse pathologies, which make up approximately 60% of all sports injuries, and are usually related to the constant repetition of loads on the tendon (3) (4) Scrutinizing a wide range of conditions ranging from muscle strains and tears to tendonitis and other connective tissue disorders, musculoskeletal injuries in footballers are a pervasive concern in the sports world (3). These injuries can severely affect the athletic performance, physical development, and quality of life of young players.…”