Efectos de un programa de alta precoz sobre las preocupaciones de los padres de niños prematuros

Abstract

El nacimiento de un niño prematuro supone un gran impacto emocional en los padres, especialmente cuando la hospitalización se prolonga por mucho tiempo. Los programas de alta precoz son una herramienta eficaz para facilitar la transición al domicilio, mostrando resultados beneficiosos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han centrado en conocer cuáles son los efectos de éstos en los momentos posteriores al alta hospitalaria, así como los cambios en la dinámica familiar asociados.El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer y explorar las experiencias y los obstáculos que encuentran padres y madres de niños nacidos pretérmino cuando reciben el alta hospitalaria. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de carácter fenomenológi-co con perspectiva descriptiva. La muestra se obtuvo de manera intencional y estuvo conformada por 23 padres y madres, que fueron evaluados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. La recogida de datos finalizó cuando se alcanzó la saturación teórica en los diferentes temas. Se realizó un análisis temático que identificó tres temas centrales: preocupaciones al alta, emociones tras el alta y cambios en la vida. Los resultados señalan la importancia de un alta precoz, asociada a un gran número de emociones positivas en los padres. Participar en el programa de alta precoz se asoció con una mayor confianza con respecto a los cuidados así como con la posibilidad de regular algunas de las emociones complejas asociadas al alta.Palabras Clave: Prematuridad; Alta Precoz; Estudio Cualitativo; Padres; Madres; Cuidados Neonatales.The birth of a premature infant has a striking emotional impact on the parents, especially when the hospitalization period is long. Early discharge programs are an effective tool to facilitate the transition to home and have beneficial effects. However, few studies have investigated the effects of these programs on parents during the post-discharge period and how are they related to changes in family dynamics. This article explored the experiences and obstacles faced by parents of preterm infants after discharge. The study followed a qualitative design using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used and a total of 23 parents participated. Data collection ended when theoretical saturation was reached.The parents were assessed using semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted, which identified three central themes: concerns of the parents, emotions after discharge, and changes in life. The results indicate the importance of the early discharge program, which is associated with many positive emotions in parents. Participation in the early discharge program was associated with increased confidence regarding caring and improved skills related to managing some of the complex emotions associated with discharge. Effects on an early discharge program on the concerns of parents of preterm infants

Preparação dos pais para a alta hospitalar da criança prematura: Análise de conceito

“…A sua influencia pode ser positiva quanto negativa, evidenciando a importância de envolve-las no processo de preparo para a alta. No geral, é necessário considerar o entorno social, podendo ser visto como recurso que suporta e ajuda as mães, ou pelo contrario, pode ser negativo, pela reprovação dos cuidados prestados da mãe sobre a criança prematura, fazendo-a sentir incapaz de exercer corretamente a maternidade (44).…”

Parenting of Children with a High Risk Birth in Mexico: Psychometric Validation of a Parental Emotional Scale

“…Therefore, concern and complex emotions of parents are governed by trust, hope and joy felt in relation to the time in which discharge home occurs. Nevertheless, regarding the child's care, fear or anxiety are still present due to long term uncertainty of prematurity [18].…”

“…Similarly, in a work concerning risk factors that increase risk for the mother's mental health and influence the children's development, the group of investigators concluded that stress, depression and anxiety are associated with socioeconomic problems, family conflicts and the lack of support networks, which affects parenting [31]. It is worth noting that very few studies have focused on knowing the effects or emotional sequelae of the parents in the time following hospital discharge of their children [18].…”