Efeito do tipo de substrato e da presença de adubação suplementar sobre o crescimento vegetativo, nutrição mineral, custo de produção e intensidade de cercosporiose em mudas de cafeeiro formadas em tubetes

Abstract

RESUMOA utilização de tubetes para produzir mudas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) tornou-se uma realidade. Objetivando avaliar o uso de substratos adubados ou não com fertilizante de liberação gradual e seus efeitos na nutrição, na formação, na cercosporiose e nos custos de produção de mudas de cafeeiro em tubetes, conduziu-se um experimento em viveiro, em esquema fatorial (4x2) com quatro substratos combinados com duas adubações, tendo quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por 16 tubetes de 120 mL, considerando-se como plantas úteis as seis centrais. Os tratamentos consistiram dos substratos S 1 = Substrato comercial I, S 2 = Substrato comercial II, S 3 = Substrato de eucalipto e S 4 = 80% esterco de curral + 20% terra de subsolo, todos com e sem adubação com fertilizante de liberação gradual. No geral, os melhores substratos para formação de mudas de cafeeiro em tubetes foram os substratos não comerciais ou orgânicos, independentemente de receberem ou não adubação suplementar. Observou-se redução da cercosporiose com a nutrição mineral, principalmente com o cálcio. Com a utilização de todos os substratos houve ganho econômico em relação ao custo por milheiro de mudas. A maior economia foi obtida com o substrato S 4 , seguida do substrato S 3 , com melhor relação custo/benefício. Termos para indexação:Nutrição e doença, cafeicultura, Cercospora coffeicola, fertilização, produção de mudas, substrato. ABSTRACTThe utilization of stiff plastic containers for producing coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica L.) is a reality. Aiming to evaluate the effects of substrate type enriched or not with slow-release fertilizer on vegetative growth, mineral nutrition, production cost and, brown eye spot of coffee seedlings, an experiment was conducted in the plant nursery. The experimental design was a factorial scheme with four substrates in the presence and absence of supplementary fertilization, with four replicates. The plots were made of 16 containers of 120 ml, using six central plants for evaluation. The treatments consisted of S 1 = Commercial Substrate I, S 2 = Commercial Substrate II, S 3 = Eucalyptus Substrate and S 4 = 80% bovine manure + 20% subsoil material with and without fertilization. In general, the best substrates for formation of coffee seedlings were not commercial substrates or organic, regardless of fertilization. The brown eye spot was reduced with balanced nutrition, mainly with calcium. All substrates provide economic return. The largest economy was found in substrate S 4 , followed by S 3 , showing the highest coast/benefit rate.

Temporal analysis of brown eye spot of coffee and its response to the interaction of irrigation with phosphorous levels

“…Phosphorus concentrations in shoots ranged from 1.1 to 2.7 g/ kg, and the highest content was above the amount suitable for adult coffee plants (1.6 to 1.9 g/kg) according to Malavolta et al (1997) and similar (1.6 to 2.9 g/kg) to those found by Pozza et al (2001Pozza et al ( , 2007. However, Pozza et al (2002), assessing the supply of phosphorus in coffee seedlings grown in propagation tubes, found no effect on the intensity of BES, as phosphorus was available in the organic matter of the planting substrate in amounts necessary for seedling growth to the evaluated stage.…”

“…Pozza et al. () studied the effect of substrates and additional fertilization on coffee seedlings grown in nurseries and found no difference in the severity of BES.…”

“…Phosphorus is responsible for protein synthesis and enzyme reactions. As nucleoproteins are necessary for cell division, protein synthesis and enzyme reactions act in the ion absorption process, energy transfer and the reduction in alkaloids and lignin glycosides and have a strong influence on the growth and development of root systems (Malavolta, 1980;Marschner, 2012;Pozza et al, 2007;Prabhu, Fageria, Berni, & Rodrigues, 2007;Reis, Guimarães, Neto, Guerra, & Curi, 2011). Drip fertigation can increase the distribution of phosphorus in soils.…”

“…Although phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants, studies of its effect on BES and other diseases are still scarce and inconsistent (Prabhu et al, 2007;Wanga et al, 2014). Pozza et al (2007) studied the effect of substrates and additional fertilization on coffee seedlings grown in nurseries and found no difference in the severity of BES.…”

Growth and nutrition of Pitombeira (Tasilia esculenta Radlk) seedlings in different substrates and biofertilizer application

“…Barros et al (2013) obtained values inferior to the one in this work when using different organic compounds to produce the seedlings of the yellow passion fruit. Lower calcium values were also obtained by Pozza et al (2007) in coffee tree seedlings, ranging from 8.7 to 10 g kg -1…”