Efek Zat Pengatur Tumbuh NAA untuk Optimasi Pembesaran Bulbophyllum spp. secara In Vitro

Abstract

Bulbophyllum merupakan salah satu marga anggrek dengan jumlah jenis terbanyak. B. lasianthum, B. macranthum, dan B. phalaenopsis merupakan jenis-jenis yang terkoleksi dan telah diperbanyak oleh Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kebun Raya Bogor. Penggunaan media yang efektif dan efisien perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi biaya pemeliharaan kultur, termasuk salah satunya dengan menggunakan media pupuk daun GrowmoreÒ dengan penambahan NAA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan media optimasi untuk pembesaran planlet dari ketiga jenis Bulbophyllum tersebut. Media yang digunakan berupa media ½MS yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan pisang 100 g/l dan NAA 10 mg/l (media ½P10) sebagai kontrol, sedangkan untuk media perlakuan digunakan pupuk daun GrowmoreÒ (media TG) dengan penambahan NAA (0; 2; 4; 6 mg/L). Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian NAA pada media pembesaran kultur in vitro, ketiga jenis Bulbophyllum memberikan respons yang berbeda-beda. Planlet B. macranthum memberikan respons yang baik terhadap media TG6, sehingga media tersebut sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai media pembesaran untuk jenis ini. Adapun media terbaik untuk B. lasianthum adalah media ½P10, sedangkan untuk B. phalaenopsis belum dapat diperoleh jenis media pembesaran terbaik.

Micropropagation of Bulbophyllum Orchids

“…Several organic materials such as potato extract (PE), banana extract (BE) and coconut water (CW) have been used in asymbiotic germination of Bulbophyllum. The VW media supplemented 20 g.L -1 BE + 20 mg.L -1 NAA has been used in the germination of B. macranthum, B. lasianthum, and B. phalaenopsis [8]. The supplemented 10 mg.L -1 PE and 150 mL.L -1 CW on VW medium resulted in a high germination percentage (91.1%) of B. nipondhii [10].…”

“…The addition of 1 mg.L -1 BAP with 0.5 mg.L -1 NAA was most responsive for shoot formation while 1 mg.L -1 KIN with 2 mg.L -1 NAA was the optimum concentration in root formation of B. auricomum [6]. The addition of 2 mg.L -1 NAA to Growmore media which was supplemented with peptone and PE increased the number of leaves and shoots, while increasing NAA to 6 mg.L -1 increased plantlet height in B. macranthum [8]. The addition of 4 mg.L -1 BAP alone on MS media increased shoot induction in B. odoratissimum.…”

“…Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis ½ MS 10 mg.L -1 NAA 100 g.L -1 BE Resulted increased leaves and shoot of explants [8] Bulbophyllum lasianthum ½ MS 10 mg.L -1 NAA 100 g.L -1 BE Showed better growth (height, number of shoot and leaves) Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemical substances in the plant tissue culture medium for their specific functions. These PGRs play a role in organogenesis.…”

“…In several multiplication Bulbophyllum species, PGRs have been used. The cytokinin and auxin were reported to have increased the growth of shoots and leaves in B. auricomum [12], B. odoratissimum [9], B. macrantum [8] and also induces in vitro flowering in B. auricomum [6]. The addition of 1 mg.L -1 BAP with 0.5 mg.L -1 NAA was most responsive for shoot formation while 1 mg.L -1 KIN with 2 mg.L -1 NAA was the optimum concentration in root formation of B. auricomum [6].…”

“…Bulbophyllum is one of the economic value orchids by its unique flowers and benefits. Several Bulbophyllum are interesting because of their uniqueness, such as B.auricomum [6], B. fascinator [7], B. macrantum, and B. phalaenopsis [8]. Several of them are useful as medicine because they contain secondary metabolites such as B. odoratissimum which is known to contain bulbophythrins that show cytotoxic activity against several human cells cancers such as leukemia, hepatoma, lung adenocarcinoma and stomach cell cancer [9] and several listed as rare orchids such as B. niphondii [10], B. dhaninivatii [11], B. auricomum [12].…”