Effect analysis of embracing breast milk sucking to relieve pain of neonatal heel blood sampling: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Heel blood sampling of newborns plays an important role in the diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, and other inherited metabolic diseases. Embracing breast milk sucking (EBMS) can increase the newborn's sense of security and can relieve pain. The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of EBMS on alleviating the pain of neonatal heel blood sampling.Methods: A total of 96 neonates undergoing heel blood screening were selected from June 2019 to June 2020, and were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=48 in each group). The control group was given routine intervention, and the observation group was given EBMS intervention. The success rate and timeconsuming of 1-time blood collection, heel congestion after blood collection, crying time and bleeding time of newborns, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate index, and pain were compared between the 2 groups.Results: The success rate of 1-time blood collection in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the blood collection time was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). The heel congestion in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The crying time and bleeding time of newborns in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The blood oxygen saturation of the observation group was higher, and the heart rate was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The total Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions: EBMS can improve the success rate of 1-time blood collection; shorten the time of blood collection; ensure that blood oxygen saturation and heart rate are at normal values; and effectively reduce the occurrence of heel congestion after blood collection, crying time and bleeding time of newborn heel blood collection, and neonatal pain.

The effect of breastfeeding, breast milk odour and mother's heartbeat sound on pain level in newborns: A randomized trial

“…During the procedure, a high level of pain was found for newborns in the breast milk odour group, a mild pain for those in the mother's heartbeat sounds group, and a very low pain for those in the breastfeeding group. These results are similar to those in the literature, where studies have reported lower pain scores for breastfeeding and breast milk odour compared to other methods (Nurbayanti, 2021;Peng et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2021).…”

“…In one study, higher first attempt blood sampling success and higher SPO2, shorter blood draw and bleeding times and lower pain scores were reported for term infants who were breastfed in the mother's lap during heel lance procedures (Wu et al, 2021). Cirik and Efe (2020) compared six groups in different combinations of non‐pharmacological methods during orogastric (OG) tube insertion, and reported ‘breast milk + swaddling’ as the most effective method.…”

“…In one study, higher first attempt blood sampling success and higher SPO2, shorter blood draw and bleeding times and lower pain scores were reported for term infants who were breastfed in the mother's lap during heel lance procedures (Wu et al, 2021). neonatal intensive care units (Als et al, 1996).…”

“…Vital signs are included in the physiological parameters used to evaluate stress and pain (Als et al, 1996(Als et al, , 2005. However, studies of pain have found a significant difference in vital data such as heart rhythm and SPO2 (Chirico et al, 2017;Kahraman et al, 2020;Sajjadi et al, 2017;Sarhangi et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021), but no significant difference in vital data was found in some studies (Alemdar & Tüfekci, 2017;Rad et al, 2021;Taplak & Bayat, 2021) Heart rate and SPO2 values can change according to the sampling criteria or material method of the study.…”

Recent Advances in Phenylketonuria: A Review

“…Wu et al [ 30 ] described the development and validation of a multiplex SNaPshot minisequencing method to detect common mutations in the PAH gene in Iranian patients with PKU. The multiplex SNaPshot assay allows for the simultaneous analysis of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a single reaction.…”