Effect for hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and argon ions irradiation on ZnO NWs

Ion beam-induced bending of TiO2 nanowires with bead-like and prismatic shapes

“…Pecora et al 20 have shown that Si nanowires under Ge ion irradiation with 45 keV and 70 keV energies experience significant bending at a specific point in which the diameter is equal to or less than the amorphization depth. Ion-irradiated amorphization of nanowires occurs under various ion species as a function of ion fluence, and is also linked to the bending of nanowires such as Ge under 30 keV Ga + beam, reported by Romano et al , 21 Si nanowires under 30 keV Ga + beam, investigated by Jun et al , 22 and ZnO nanowire under 20–100 keV Ar + beam by Borschel et al 17 and Ishaq et al 23 …”