Effect of 12 Weeks of Endurance Training Combined with Creatine Supplement, Photobiomodulation Therapy, or Both on Performance and Muscle Damage in Rats

Malta, Elvis de Souza; Ferraresi, Cleber; Monte, Marina Gaiato; Poli, Rodrigo Araújo Bonetti de; Bjordal, Jan Magnus; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Marcos, Rodrigo Labat; Zagatto, Alessandro Moura; Carvalho, Rodrigo Leal de Paiva

doi:10.1089/photob.2019.4793

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Experimental animal research (Table 3) supports the beneficial effects of PBM applied before and after exercise in physical activity, through improved performance in endurance training [78,79], decreased level of proinflammatory cytokines [80][81][82][83][84], positive effects on aerobic metabolism [85,86], oxidative stress [86][87][88] and increased ATP [89,90]. Histopathological examination performed after PBM showed that it can protect myonecrosis, reduce pro-inflammatory cell infiltration, muscle destruction, inflammation and can help accelerate tissue repair [91][92][93].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Photobiomodulation and Sports: Results of a Narrative Review

Ailioaie

Litscher

2021

Life

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Benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM) have been known for several decades. More recently, PBM applied in sports offers a special chance to support the modeling of the performance and recovery. Increasingly complex physical activities and fierce competition in the world of sports generate a state of psycho-emotional and physical stress that can induce chronic fatigue syndrome, failure in physical training, predisposition to muscle damage, physical and emotional exhaustion etc., for which PBM could be an excellent solution. To evaluate and identify all risk factors and the influence of PBM on health and performance in sport and for a better understanding of its effects, we did a search for “Photobiomodulation and Sports” on PubMed, to update the PBM science applied in sports, and we retained for analysis the articles published from 2014 to date. The term “PBM” is recent, and we did not include previous studies with “low level laser therapy” or “LLLT” before 2014. In the present research, PBM has been shown to have valuable protective and ergogenic effects in 25 human studies, being the key to success for high performance and recovery, facts supported also by 22 animal studies. PBM applied creatively and targeted depending on sport and size of the level of physical effort could perfectly modulate the mitochondrial activity and thus lead to remarkable improvements in performance. PBM with no conclusive results or without effects from this review (14 studies from a total of 39 on humans) was analyzed and we found the motivations of the authors from the perspective of multiple causes related to technological limitations, participants, the protocols for physical activity, the devices, techniques and PBM parameters. In the near future, dose–response experiments on physical activity should be designed and correlated with PBM dose–response studies, so that quantification of PBM parameters to allow the energy, metabolic, immune, and neuro-endocrine modulation, perfectly coupled with the level of training. There is an urgent need to continuously improve PBM devices, delivery methods, and protocols in new ingenious future sports trials. Latest innovations and nanotechnologies applied to perform intracellular signaling analysis, while examining extracellular targets, coupled with 3D and 4D sports motion analysis and other high-tech devices, can be a challenge to learn how to maximize PBM efficiency while achieving unprecedented sports performance and thus fulfilling the dream of millions of elite athletes.

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