Effect of 2-Chloroethanephosphonic Acid (Ethrel) on Health, Dormancy, and Flower and Corm Yield of Gladioli

Halevy, A. H.; Shilo, R; Simchon, S.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1970.11514371

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Burton (4) (14) and seeds (3,19). Considering that the effect of ethylene on dormancy of potatoes is elicited by relatively low concentrations of the gas (as low as 0.02 41/1) and short exposures (8 hr), failure to detect a significant change in ethylene production does not preclude the possibility that ethylene plays a significant role in regulating dormancy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Effects of Ethylene on Potato Dormancy and Sprout Growth

Rylski¹,

Rappaport²,

Pratt³

1974

Plant Physiol.

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Dormant potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) of two cultivars were treated with various concentrations of ethylene gas for various exposure periods. As has been shown by others, ethylene caused a rapid but transient increase in respiration rate, which appeared to be independent of any effects on dormancy. All concentrations tested caused accelerated sprouting, 2 microliters per liter being the most effective. Ethylene exerts a dual effect on potato tubers: it markedly shortens the duration of rest, but it inhibits elongation of the sprouts during extended treatment. Comparing these results with published work on seeds, bulbs, and corms suggests that ethylene must have a significant but as yet unexplained role in rest and dormancy. However, since the most effective ethylene treatment did not equal the response elicited by treatment with ethylene chlorhydrin, other factors must also contribute to termination of rest.The initiation of sprouting in potato tubers is accompanied by a variety of biochemical changes which are usually reflected in changes in hormonal concentration, respiration rate, and the onset of nucleic acid synthesis and cell division and enlargement (16, 21, 24-26, 30, 31). A number of reports have supported the hypothesis that the rest period in potato tubers is regulated by gibberellins and ABA (24,26,30). However, the significance of other hormones, particularly of ethylene, has not been investigated adequately.That ethylene is an endogenous growth hormone for plants and a potent growth regulator is well established (1,23), but its role in the dormancy of potatoes and other plant organs has remained unclear. The older works on potato present conflicting evidence (4, 5), and there has been little clarification in recent work. Terminating dormancy in freshly harvested potatoes is an important practical problem, to which much attention has been given, and many chemical treatments have been tried (5,22). Rosa (28) was first to try ethylene; concentrations of 10, 200, and 1000 ,ull were applied for 28 days giving substantial increases in the stand obtained 1 month after planting. On the other hand, Denny (8, 9) tried ethylene, propylene, and acetylene at 1000 and 10,000 ,lll for 4 and 7 days and found them to be ineffective. In studies by Vacha and Harvey (32), ethylene treatments with 1000 ,ul/l at 20 C for 6 days gave 'This investigation was supported in part by North Atlantic Treaty Organization Research Grant 541 to L.R.2 On leave from Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. earlier sprouting and faster growth with some potato cultivars. Rosa (29) reported further tests with ethylene, using treatments of 455 and 2500 ,ul/l for 2, 3, or 4 weeks at 22 C; the 2-and 3-week treatments inhibited sprouting, whereas a 4-week treatment promoted sprouting (no difference between the concentrations was observed). In a better planned experiment with 800 ,1/1, ethylene accelerated emergence, especially in the shorter treatments. Another experiment with 500 1ul/l g...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Effects of Ethylene on Potato Dormancy and Sprout Growth

Rylski¹,

Rappaport²,

Pratt³

1974

Plant Physiol.

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“…Exposure of dormant brodiaea corms to C 2 H 4 caused early sprouting, early flowering, and increased number of flowers per inflorescence ( Table 1). The optimum concentration and exposure time for flowering responses of geophytes to C 2 H 4 varies between species (Elphinstone and Rees, 1985;Ginzburg, 1974;Halevy et al, 1970;Imanishi and Fortainier, 1982;Imanishi, 1983;Schipper, 1982;Uyemura and Imanishi, 1984). In brodiaea, the response to C 2 H 4 was maximal at concentrations >20 ppm and exposure times longer than 1 day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These useful responses were shown to be due to the smoke, and specifically to C 2 H 4 in the smoke (Uyemura and Imanishi, 1983). Ethylene has been shown to affect both the sprouting date and the flowering of a range of geophytes (Elphinstone and Rees, 1985;Ginzburg, 1974;Halevy et al, 1970;Imanishi and Fortainier, 1982;Imanishi, 1983;Schipper, 1982;Imanishi, 1983, 1984;Vacha and Harvey, 1927). The physiological responses of these organs to the C 2 H 4 treatment and the mechanism by which C 2 H 4 breaks the dormant state or affects flowering are still unexplored.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Growth and Flowering of Triteleia laxa by Ethylene

Han¹,

Halevy²,

Sachs³

et al. 1990

jashs

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Exposure of dormant corms of Triteleia laxa `Queen Fabiola' to 20 ppm C2H4 for 7 days promoted flowering of small corms and resulted in increased apical meristem size, early sprouting, early flowering, more flowers per Inflorescence, and increased fresh weight of daughter corms and cormels. The respiration rate of the C&treated corms increased to four to five times that of the controls during the 7-day treatment, declined markedly after termination of the C2H4 treatment, but remained higher than that of the controls. The C2H4 effects were associated with increased growth rate and consequently a greater final size of the apical meristem (determined by scanning electron microscopy). Leaves produced by C2H4-treated corms were wider, longer, and weighed more than those of the controls.

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“…Blanpied (1972) found that ethylene production in apple flower buds declined during bud expansion in the spring, and ethylene is known to inhibit bud growth in peas (Apelbaum and Burg, 1972). Others have found, however, that treatments that break bud dormancy generally result in an increase in ethylene evolution (Nell et al, 1983;Zimmerman et al, 1977), and in some corm-producing plants, such as freesia (Imanishi and Fartanier, 1983) and gladioli (Halevy et al, 1970), exogenous ethylene actually breaks dormancy. Crisosto et al (1989) reported that internal ethylene levels in 'Redhaven' flower buds treated with ethephon in the fall were not different from levels in control buds until after chilling was completed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

Durner¹,

Gianfagna²

1991

jashs

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The heat requirement for flower bud growth of container-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs. Redhaven and Springold] in the greenhouse varied inversely and linearly with the length of the cold-storage period (SC) provided to break bud dormancy. Ethephon reduced the rest-breaking effectiveness of the 5C treatment. Buds from ethephon-treated trees grew more slowly than buds from untreated trees upon exposure to 20 to 25C, resulting in later bloom dates. The effect of ethephon on flower bud hardiness in field-grown trees of `Jerseydawn' and `Jerseyglo' was studied using exotherm analysis after deacclimation treatments. Bud deacclimation varied with reacclimating temperature (7 or 21 C), cultivar, ethephon treatment, and sampling date. All buds were more susceptible to injury in March than in January or February. Buds reacclimated more rapidly at 21C than at 7C. `Jerseyglo' reacclimated more rapidly than `Jerseydawn'. Untreated buds were less hardy and also reacclimated more rapidly than treated buds. Ethephon enhanced flower bud hardiness in three distinct ways: 1) it decreased the mean low-temperature exotherm of pistils, 2) it increased the number of buds that supercooled after exposure to reacclimating temperatures, and 3) it decreased the rate of deacclimation, especially at 21C. Ethephon prolongs flower bud dormancy by increasing the chilling requirement. The rate at which flower buds become increasingly sensitive to moderate temperatures in late winter and spring is thus reduced by ethephon. Thus, ethephon delays deacclimation during winter and delays bloom in the spring. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).

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Effect of 2-Chloroethanephosphonic Acid (Ethrel) on Health, Dormancy, and Flower and Corm Yield of Gladioli

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Dual Effects of Ethylene on Potato Dormancy and Sprout Growth

Dual Effects of Ethylene on Potato Dormancy and Sprout Growth

Enhancement of Growth and Flowering of Triteleia laxa by Ethylene

Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

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