Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Individuals

Heilbronn, Leonie K.; Jonge, Lilian de; Frisard, Madlyn I.; DeLany, James P.; Larson‐Meyer, D. Enette; Rood, Jennifer; Nguyen, Tam; Martin, Corby K.; Vólaufová, Júlia; Most, Marlene M.; Greenway, Frank L.; Smith, Steven R.; Deutsch, Walter; Williamson, Donald A.; Ravussin, Éric

doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1539

Cited by 886 publications

(757 citation statements)

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“…A complete description of the study procedures is provided in Heilbronn et al (2006). Participants completed a four-week baseline assessment period, during which total daily energy expenditure (TEE) was calculated using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complete description of the recruitment and screening procedures and participant characteristics is provided elsewhere (Heilbronn et al, 2006). Participants were overweight at screening (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 30 kg/m 2 ), non-smoking adult men (25-50 years of age) and women (25-45 years of age).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A complete description of the results related to change in body weight is provided elsewhere (Heilbronn et al, 2006). Weight loss (mean and SEM) at Month 6 for each group was: 1) CR = −10.4 ± 0.9%, 2) CR+EX = −10.0 ± 0.8%, 3) LCD = −13.9 ± 0.7%, and 4) Control = −1.0 + 1.1%.…”

Section: Changes In Body Weight and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of dietary restraint: Validity tests of four questionnaires

et al. 2007

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This study tested the validity of four measures of dietary restraint: Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Eating Inventory (EI), Revised Restraint Scale (RS), and the Current Dieting Questionnaire. Dietary restraint has been implicated as a determinant of overeating and binge eating. Conflicting findings have been attributed to different methods for measuring dietary restraint. The validity of four self-report measures of dietary restraint and dieting behavior was tested using: 1) factor analysis, 2) changes in dietary restraint in a randomized controlled trial of different methods to achieve calorie restriction, and 3) correlation of changes in dietary restraint with an objective measure of energy balance, calculated from the changes in fat mass and fat-free mass over a sixmonth dietary intervention. Scores from all four questionnaires, measured at baseline, formed a dietary restraint factor, but the RS also loaded on a binge eating factor. Based on change scores, the EI Restraint scale was the only measure that correlated significantly with energy balance expressed as a percentage of energy require d for weight maintenance. These findings suggest that that, of the four questionnaires tested, the EI Restraint scale was the most valid measure of the intent to diet and actual caloric restriction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of dietary restraint: Validity tests of four questionnaires

et al. 2007

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“…Reducing caloric intake delays the onset of agerelated diseases and increase maximum lifespan by between 20% and 40% in many species (Everitt et al, 2005). CR influences lipoprotein profiles and the onset of vascular disease in animal models ) and similar effects have replicated in short term studies in humans (Heilbronn et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Caloric restriction reduces age-related pseudocapillarization of the hepatic sinusoid

Jamieson

Hilmer

Cogger

et al. 2007

Experimental Gerontology

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Age-related changes in the hepatic sinusoid, called pseudocapillarization, may contribute to the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia. Caloric restriction (CR) is a powerful model for the study of aging because it extends lifespan. We assessed the effects of CR on the hepatic sinusoid to determine whether pseudocapillarization is preventable and hence a target for the prevention of age-related dyslipidemia. Livers from young (6 months) and old (24 months) CR and ad libitum fed (AL) F344 rats were examined using electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. In old age, there was increased thickness of the liver sinusoidal endothelium and reduced endothelial fenestration porosity. In old CR rats, endothelial thickness was less and fenestration porosity was greater than in old AL rats. Immunohistochemistry showed that CR prevented age-related decrease in caveolin-1 expression and increase in peri-sinusoidal collagen IV staining, but did not alter the age-related increase of von Willebrand's factor. CR reduces age-related pseudocapillarization of the hepatic sinusoid and correlates with changes in caveolin-1 expression.

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“…Increased lifespan as a result of CR is of special interest to biogerontologists (see e.g., Weindruch and Walford 1988;Weindruch 1996;Masoro 2005;Masoro 2006), and the numerous confirmations of increased lifespan due to long-term CR have shaped new fields of research, such as the development of CR mimetics Chen and Guarente 2007;Lane et al 2007) and the direct use of CR by people (Heilbronn et al 2006;Das et al 2007;Holloszy and Fontana 2007). Although the usefulness of CR or CR mimetics in humans remains controversial (Everitt and Le Couteur 2007;Speakman and Hambly 2007), if their effects on people are similar to those observed on laboratory animals, CR could increase human lifespan to a degree not seen since the advent of modern medicine and antibiotics in the early to mid1900s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie restriction and susceptibility to intact pathogens

Kristan

2008

AGE

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Long-term calorie restriction (CR) causes numerous physiological changes that ultimately increase mean and maximum lifespan of most species examined to date. One physiological change that occurs with CR is enhanced immune function, as tested using antigens and mitogens to stimulate an immune response. Fewer studies have used intact pathogen exposure to test whether the enhanced capacity of the immune response during CR actually decreases susceptibility of hosts to their pathogens. So far, studies using intact bacteria, virus, and helminth worm exposure indicate that, despite similar or enhanced immune system function, CR hosts are more susceptible to infection by intact pathogens than their fully fed counterparts. Long-term CR studies that examine susceptibility to a variety of parasite taxa will help determine if direct CR or CR mimetics will be beneficial to people living in pathogen-rich environments.

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Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Individuals

Abstract: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00099151.

Cited by 886 publications

References 50 publications

Measurement of dietary restraint: Validity tests of four questionnaires

Measurement of dietary restraint: Validity tests of four questionnaires

Caloric restriction reduces age-related pseudocapillarization of the hepatic sinusoid

Calorie restriction and susceptibility to intact pathogens

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