Effect of a blend of essential oil compounds on the colonization of starch-rich substrates by bacteria in the rumen

Duval, Stephan; McEwan, Neil; Graham, R.C.; Wallace, R. J.; Newbold, C. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.03455.x

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Using the same procedure, the relative abundances of bacterial populations quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and rumen fermentation variables, including VFA and pH, were analyzed for effects of dietary treatment, with animals considered as blocks. Taxonomic data, expressed as percentages, were similarly analyzed after being log-transformed (20). Means were separated using Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Rumen Epimural Bacterial Diversity of Beef Cattle as Affected by Diet and Induced Ruminal Acidosis

Petri

Schwaiger

Penner

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

179

149

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Little is known about the nature of the rumen epithelial adherent (epimural) microbiome in cattle fed different diets. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and pyrosequencing of the V3 hypervariable coding region of 16S rRNA, epimural bacterial communities of 8 cattle were profiled during the transition from a forage to a high-concentrate diet, during acidosis, and after recovery. A total of 153,621 high-quality gene sequences were obtained, with populations exhibiting less taxonomic variability among individuals than across diets. The bacterial community composition exhibited clustering (P < 0.03) by diet, with only 14 genera, representing >1% of the rumen epimural population, differing (P < 0.05) among diets. During acidosis, levels of Atopobium, Desulfocurvus, Fervidicola, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella increased, while during the recovery, Desulfocurvus, Lactobacillus, and Olsenella reverted to levels similar to those with the high-grain diet and Sharpea and Succinivibrio reverted to levels similar to those with the forage diet. The relative abundances of bacterial populations changed during diet transition for all qPCR targets except Streptococcus spp. Less than 5% of total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified exhibited significant variability across diets. Based on DGGE, the community structures of epithelial populations differed (P < 0.10); segregation was most prominent for the mixed forage diet versus the grain, acidotic challenge, and recovery diets. Atopobium, cc142, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, RC39, Sharpea, Solobacterium, Succiniclasticum, and Syntrophococcus were particularly prevalent during acidosis. Determining the metabolic roles of these key genera in the rumens of cattle fed high-grain diets could define a clinical microbial profile associated with ruminal acidosis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Rumen Epimural Bacterial Diversity of Beef Cattle as Affected by Diet and Induced Ruminal Acidosis

Petri

Schwaiger

Penner

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

179

149

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“…However, the effects reported in the literature are variable and contradictory that may be because of the different concentrations of ingredients, basal diets used and lack of direct in vitroin vivo comparisons (Hart et al, 2008). With regard to the diet, Newbold et al (2004) reported that a specific blend of essential oils affected protein degradation to a different extent, depending on the protein source used in the diet (rapeseed v. soya bean meal), and Duval et al (2007) suggested that essential oils interfere differently with some key rumen bacteria, depending on the starch source (wheat, barley or maize).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might indicate that over short-term incubations (24 h), the effect of some compounds may be influenced by the rumen degradability of starch and protein sources; however, when the incubation lasts for 72 h this dietdependent effect (including the gas production rate) is no longer apparent. The selection of the substrates in this work was made different: starch (barley v. maize) and protein (fava beans v. sunflower meal) sources differed in their degradability patterns in the rumen to test this hypothesis, as described previously (Newbold et al, 2004;Duval et al, 2007). The lack of significant interaction might be owing to the fact that these ingredients are not the sole substrates but were used to formulate the concentrate of the diet that had the same forage (alfalfa hay).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…forage : concentrate ratio (Mateos et al, 2013) and type of forage (Castro-Montoya et al, 2012)). The in vitro experiments in this work included two diets formulated for dairy goats and, based on previous observations, made when testing different types of essential oils (Newbold et al, 2004;Duval et al, 2007). The ultimate goal was to test whether there was an interaction of additive × diet to ensure that the in vivo experiment was conducted using a diet that maximizes the effectiveness of the compounds and contribute to fill the gap of the lack of in vitro and in vivo experiments designed and carried out together for robust comparisons.…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vitro–in vivo study on the effects of plant compounds on rumen fermentation, microbial abundances and methane emissions in goats

Fernández

Abecia

Martín-García

et al. 2013

Animal

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Two in vitro and one in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a selection of plant compounds on rumen fermentation, microbial concentration and methane emissions in goats. Treatments were: control (no additive), carvacrol (CAR), cinnamaldehyde (CIN), eugenol (EUG), propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS), propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), diallyl disulfide (DDS), a mixture (40 : 60) of PTS and PTSO (PTS + PTSO), and bromochloromethane (BCM) as positive control with proven antimethanogenic effectiveness. Four doses (40, 80, 160 and 320 µl/l) of the different compounds were incubated in vitro for 24 h in diluted rumen fluid from goats using two diets differing in starch and protein source within the concentrate (Experiment 1).The total gas production was linearly decreased ( P < 0.012) by all compounds, with the exception of EUG and PTS + PTSO ( P ⩾ 0.366). Total volatile fatty-acid (VFA) concentration decreased ( P ⩽ 0.018) only with PTS, PTSO and CAR, whereas the acetate:propionate ratio decreased ( P ⩽ 0.002) with PTS, PTSO and BCM, and a tendency ( P = 0.064) was observed for DDS. On the basis of results from Experiment 1, two doses of PTS, CAR, CIN, BCM (160 and 320 µl/l), PTSO (40 and 160 µl/l) and DDS (80 and 320 µl/l) were further tested in vitro for 72 h (Experiment 2). The gas production kinetics were affected ( P ⩽ 0.045) by all compounds, and digested NDF (DNDF) after 72 h of incubation was only linearly decreased ( P ⩽ 0.004) by CAR and PTS. The addition of all compounds linearly decreased ( P ⩽ 0.009) methane production, although the greatest reductions were observed for PTS (up to 96%), DDS (62%) and BCM (95%). No diet-dose interaction was observed. To further test the results obtained in vitro, two groups of 16 adult non-pregnant goats were used to study in vivo the effect of adding PTS (50, 100 and 200 mg/l rumen content per day) and BCM (50, 100 and 160 mg/l rumen content per day) during the 9 days on methane emissions (Experiment 3). The addition of PTS and BCM resulted in linear reductions (33% and 64%, respectively, P ⩽ 0.002) of methane production per unit of dry matter intake, which were lower than the maximum inhibition observed in vitro (87% and 96%, respectively). We conclude that applying the same doses in vivo as in vitro resulted in a proportional lower extent of methane decrease, and that PTS at 200 mg/l rumen content per day has the potential to reduce methane emissions in goats. Whether the reduction in methane emission observed in vivo persists over longer periods of treatments and improves feed conversion efficiency requires further research.

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“…Microbial diversity and activities have also been influenced by modifications to the diet (11, 51). Molecular techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) demonstrated that changes in diet can affect microbial composition in the rumen (20,32,42). However, some studies have reported significant bacterial diversity among individuals (13,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Feed Efficiency and Diet on Adaptive Variations in the Bacterial Community in the Rumen Fluid of Cattle

Hernandez-Sanabria

Goonewardene

Wang

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

177

121

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Limited knowledge of the structure and activities of the ruminal bacterial community prevents the understanding of the effect of population dynamics on functional bacterial groups and on host productivity. This study aimed to identify particular bacteria associated with host feed efficiency in steers with differing diets and residual feed intake (RFI) using culture-independent methods: PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. PCR-DGGE profiles were generated from the ruminal fluid of 55 steers fed a low-energy-density diet and then switched to a high-energy-density diet. Bacterial profile comparisons by multivariate statistical analysis showed a trend only for RFI-related clusters on the high-energy diet. When steers (n ‫؍‬ 19) belonging to the same RFI group under both diets were used to identify specific bacterial phylotypes related to feed efficiency traits, correlations were detected between dry matter intake, average daily gain, and copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene of Succinivibrio sp. in low-RFI (efficient) steers, whereas correlations between Robinsoniella sp. and RFI (P < 0.05) were observed for high-RFI (inefficient) animals. Eubacterium sp. differed significantly (P < 0.05) between RFI groups that were only on the high-energy diet. Our work provides a comprehensive framework to understand how particular bacterial phylotypes contribute to differences in feed efficiency and ultimately influence host productivity, which may either depend on or be independent from diet factors.T he complex symbiotic microbiota in the rumen are responsible for the breakdown of feed components, enabling ruminants to derive approximately 70% of their metabolic energy from the microbial fermentation of feedstuffs (9). Previous research has demonstrated that many factors influence the composition of rumen microbiota, affecting the population of certain bacterial groups (18,22,23,43). Microbial diversity and activities have also been influenced by modifications to the diet (11, 51). Molecular techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) demonstrated that changes in diet can affect microbial composition in the rumen (20,32,42). However, some studies have reported significant bacterial diversity among individuals (13,28). Because individuals may respond differently to diet changes, identifying relationships between the differences in bacterial diversity in the rumen and host's phenotypic variations is particularly challenging, Moreover, the effect of bacterial population dynamics on host productivity characteristics, such as feed efficiency, has not been well established.The adaptability and structural complexity of the microbial community within the ruminal ecosystem allow ruminant animals to consume a wide variety of feedstuffs (33). The type and amount of feedstuffs consumed by the host affect the nutritional supply to ruminal microbes and the end products synthesized, thereby influencing the nutrients absorbed by the host. Animals with poor feed efficienc...

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Effect of a blend of essential oil compounds on the colonization of starch-rich substrates by bacteria in the rumen

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Changes in the Rumen Epimural Bacterial Diversity of Beef Cattle as Affected by Diet and Induced Ruminal Acidosis

Changes in the Rumen Epimural Bacterial Diversity of Beef Cattle as Affected by Diet and Induced Ruminal Acidosis

In vitro–in vivo study on the effects of plant compounds on rumen fermentation, microbial abundances and methane emissions in goats

Impact of Feed Efficiency and Diet on Adaptive Variations in the Bacterial Community in the Rumen Fluid of Cattle

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