“…In some studies, microbial product supplementation resulted in the reduction of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen and organic matter and the increase in survival and production of the farmed animals (Chen & Chen, ; Janeo, Corre & Sakata, ; Kuhn, Drahos, Marsh & Flick, ; Liang et al., ; Liu & Han, ; Nimrat, Suksawat, Boonthai & Vuthiphandchai, ; Shariff, Yusoff, Devaraja & Rao, ; Vovk, Bazaeva & Didenko, ; Wang & He, ; Wang, Xu & Xia, ; Wu et al., ; Zhang et al., , ; Zink, Benetti, Douillet, Margulies & Scholey, ; Zokaeifar et al., ). In the other studies, supplementation of microbial products did not significantly improve production performance and water quality of aquaculture practices (Boyd, Hollerman, Plumb & Saeed, ; Chiayvareesajja & Boyd, ; Li & Boyd, ,b; Lukwambe et al., ; McIntosh et al., ; de Paiva‐Maia, Alves‐Modesto, Otavio‐Brito, Olivera & Vasconcelos‐Gesteira, ; Queiroz & Boyd, ; Talpur, Ikhwanuddin, Abdullah & Bolong, ; Tang, Dai, Li, Qin & Wang, ; Zheng, Tang, Ren, & Wang, ; Zhou, Wang & Li, ). The environmental impacts of exogenous bacteria depend on survival of the bacteria in the new surrounding and their competitions with native bacteria (El Fantroussi & Agathos, ; Ninawe & Selvin, ; Skjermo, Bakke, Dahle & Vadstein, ).…”